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Hyperthyroid Is M

Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by high secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. It leads to increased metabolism, heart rate, and other physiological changes. Common causes include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and thyroiditis. Signs and symptoms include weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and anxiety. Treatment options are antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroidectomy.

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Csiangel Nopueto
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16 views

Hyperthyroid Is M

Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by high secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. It leads to increased metabolism, heart rate, and other physiological changes. Common causes include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and thyroiditis. Signs and symptoms include weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and anxiety. Treatment options are antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroidectomy.

Uploaded by

Csiangel Nopueto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYPERTHYROIDISM

DEFINITION

High secretion of thyroid hormone


• Thyroid: produces thyroid hormones that play a big role in body
metabolism, regulation of body temperature, and growth/development.
• These hormones are known as: T3 Triiodothyronine, T4 and
Calcitonin.
• Thyroid can NOT make thyroid hormones without iodine which
comes from foods
T3 & T4: PLAYS A HUGE ROLE IN:

• burning calories
• how new cells replace dying cells
• how fast we digest food
• stimulate sympathetic nervous system (alertness, quick
responsiveness/reflexes)
• increases body temperature and heart rate
• brain development
• muscle contraction
• fertility
• regulates TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormones
through the negative feedback loop)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP OF
THYROID HORMONE PRODUCTION

Hypothalamus produces -> TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing


hormone)…this causes the Anterior Pituitary Gland to
produce ->TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)….this cause
the thyroid gland to produce-> T3 & T4
CAUSES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

• Grave’s Disease (most common cause): autoimmune


disorder due to the production of an
antibody/immunoglobulin. TSI (thyroid stimulating
immunoglobulin) that has the same effect as TSH. This
stimulates the body to produce high amounts of thyroid
hormones (genetic).
• Solitary Toxic Nodule
• Toxic Multinodular Goiter
• Thyroiditis (Hashimotos, Postpartum, Drug Induced)
• not autoimmune
• growths of nodular goiters that are
independently functioning to cause
hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
• S & S: classic signs and symptoms of
hyperthyroidism
• TX: antithyroid meds, beta blockers,
radioactive iodine therapy, or
thyroidectomy
UNIVERSAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Weight loss
• Heat intolerance
• Tachycardia
• Hypertension
• Diarrhea
• Skin smooth
• Soft hair
• Cardiac dysrhythmias: A-fib
• Personality changes: irritable, moody, insomnia
• Irregular menstruation in women
UNIQUE FEATURES OF GRAVE’S
DISEASE

• Diffuse Goitre (without nodules)


• Graves Eye Disease
• Bilateral Exopthalmos
• Pretibial Myxoedema
UNIQUE FEATURES OF TOXIC
MULTINODULAR GOITRE

• Goitre with firm nodules


• Most patients are aged over 50
• Second most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (after
Grave’s)
TX.

Carbimazole – a pro drug, after being absorbed it is converted to its


active form the methimazole that prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme
from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin,
hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
Propylthiouracil is the second line anti-thyroid drug. It is used in a
similar way to carbimazole. There is a small risk of severe hepatic
reactions, including death, which is why carbimazole is preferred.
• Radioactive Iodine
• involves drinking a single dose of radioactive iodine.
• This is taken up by the thyroid gland and the emitted radiation
destroys a proportion of the thyroid cells. This reduction in
functioning cells results in a decrease of thyroid hormone production
and thus remission from the hyperthyroidism.
• Remission can take 6 months and patients can be
left hypothyroid afterwards and require levothyroxine replacement.
THERE ARE STRICT RULES WHERE
THE PATIENT:

• Must not be pregnant and are not


allowed to get pregnant within 6
months
• Must avoid close contact with
children and pregnant women for 3
weeks (depending on the dose)
• Limit contact with anyone for
several days after receiving the
dose
• Beta-blockers
• Beta blockers are used to block the adrenalin related symptoms of
hyperthyroidism. Propranolol is a good choice because it non-
selectively blocks adrenergic activity as opposed to more “selective”
beta blockers the work only on the heart. They do not actually treat the
underlying problem but control the symptoms whilst the definitive
treatment takes time to work.
• Given to patients with thyroid storm.
• Surgery - Thyroidectomy

• A definitive option is to surgically remove the whole thyroid or toxic


nodules. This effectively stops the production of thyroid hormone,
however the patient will be left hypothyroid post thyroidectomy and
require levothyroxine replacement for life.
NURSING INTERVENTION

• Never stop taking abruptly (takes a while before the patients start
seeing results)
• Take at same time every day
• Monitor for Signs and symptoms of thyroid storm
• Avoid iodine rich foods (sea foods like seaweed, dairy eggs) or
supplements
• No aspirin (increases thyroid hormone)
• Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism (toxicity)
• Educate about post-opt care: coughing and deep breathing and
splinting neck when coughing
• Monitor for parathyroid destruction problems
• (watch calcium levels “hypocalcemia”…parathyroid responsible for
calcium regulation)
• Watch for respiratory distress due to the nature of the surgical site…
keep patient in semi-fowler’s to help with swelling and drainage at the
site (keep at bedside trach kit and supplies)

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