WHAT IS CAD ?

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of a wide range

of computer-based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professionals in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Lifecycle Management process and involves both software and sometimes special-purpose hardware. Current packages range from 2D vector based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modellers.

Origins and terminology

CAD originally meant Computer Aided Drafting because in the

early days CAD was really a replacement for the traditional drafting board. Now, CAD usually means Computer Aided Design to reflect the fact that modern CAD tools do much more than just drafting. CAD is sometimes translated as "computer-assisted", "computer-aided drafting", or a similar phrase. Related acronyms are CADD, which stands for "computer-aided design and drafting", CAID for Computer-aided Industrial Design and CAAD, for "computer-aided architectural design". All these terms are essentially synonymous, but there are a few subtle differences in meaning and application. CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) is also often used in a similar way, or as a combination (CAD/CAM).

Introduction
CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery used in

the manufacture of components, and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories). CAD is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components. CAD has become an especially important technology, within CAx, with benefits, such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle, because CAD enables designers to lay out and develop their work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving a lot of time on their drawings.

Fields of use
The AEC industry- Architecture, engineering and

construction Mechanical (MCAD) Engineering Electronic design automation (EDA) Electrical Engineering Manufacturing process planning Industrial Design Software applications Apparel and Textile CAD

History
A turning point was the development of SKETCHPAD

system in MIT in 1963 by Dr. Ivan Sutherland (who later created a graphics technology company with Dr. David Evans). The distinctive feature of SKETCHPAD was that it allowed the designer to interact with his computer graphically: the design can be fed into the computer by drawing on a CRT monitor with a light pen. Effectively, it was a prototype of graphical user interface, an indispensable feature of modern CAD.

Software providers today

There are many CAD software products currently on the

market. More than half of the market is however covered by the four main PLM corporations Autodesk, Dassault Systemes, PTC, and Siemens UGS Architectural CAD packages include ArchiCAD. CAD packages can be classified into three types: 2D drafting systems, mid-range 3D solid feature modelers and high-end 3D hybrid systems

Capabilities
The capabilities of modern CAD systems include: Wireframe geometry creation 3D parametric feature based modelling, Solid modelling Freeform surface modelling Automated design of assemblies, which are collections of parts and/or other assemblies create Engineering drawings from the solid models Reuse of design components Ease of modification of design of model and the production of multiple versions and etc

AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a suite of CAD software products for 2- and 3-

dimensional design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc.. The original concept of AutoCAD in the 1980s was to promote customization and feature extensibility, and was what made it especially appealing to customers. Most contemporary CAD products at that time offered little if any customization capability and most were far more expensive Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and 3D tools, but lacks some of the more advanced capabilities of solid modeling applications

Version history
Version 1.0 (Release 1) - December 1982
Version 1.2 (Release 2) - April 1983 Version 1.3 (Release 3) - August 1983 Version 1.4 (Release 4) - October 1983 Version 2.0 (Release 5) - October 1984

Version 2.1 (Release 6) - May 1985

Version 2.5 (Release 7) - June 1986 Version 2.6 (Release 8) - April 1987 Release 9 - September 1987

Release 10 - October 1988

Release 11 - October 1990

Release 12 - June 1992 (last release for Apple Macintosh) Release 13 - November 1994 (last release

for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows 3.11) Release 14 - February 1997 AutoCAD 2000 (R15.0) - March 1999 AutoCAD 2000i (R15.1)- July 2000 AutoCAD 2002 (R15.6) - June 2001 AutoCAD 2004 (R16.0) - March 2003 AutoCAD 2005 (R16.1) - March 2004 AutoCAD 2006 (R16.2) - March 2005 AutoCAD 2007 (R17.0) - March 2006 AutoCAD 2008 (R17.1) - March 2007 AutoCAD 2009 March 2008 AutoCAD 2010 March 2009 AutoCAD 2011 March 2010

1. Definition of CAD
2. CAD terminology 3. Usage of CAD

4. CAD history
5. Software providers 6. Capabilities of CAD

7. Overview of AutoCAD software

8. AutoCAD history

What is computer?
A computer is a machine for manipulating data according to a

list of instructions. Computers take many physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a wrist watch and be powered from a watch battery. Society has come to recognize personal computers and their portable equivalent, the laptop computer, as icons of the information age. The ability to store and execute programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators.

Computer
Notebook / Laptop

Multimedia Computer

Personal Computer

How computers work

A general purpose computer has four main sections: the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit the memory and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O) The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often other

hardware closely linked with these) are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were comprised of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor.

Computer Components
Computer Display Monitor
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Computer Keyboard

Computer Mouse
Hard disk drive CD-ROM / DVD-ROM Plotter Printer Speaker

Computer Display Monitor

A computer display monitor, usually called simply a monitor, is a

piece of electrical equipment which displays viewable images generated by a computer without producing a permanent record. The word "monitor" is used in other contexts; in particular in television broadcasting, where a television picture is displayed to a high standard. A computer display device is usually either a cathode ray tube or some form of flat panel such as a TFT LCD display. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry to generate a picture from electronic signals sent by the computer, and an enclosure or case. Within the computer, either as an integral part or a plugged-in interface, there is circuitry to convert internal data to a format compatible with a monitor.

CRT Monitor

Flat Screen Monitor

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply

processor, is the component in a digital computer capable of executing a program. It interprets computer program instructions and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the necessary components found in computers of any era, along with primary storage and input/output facilities

Central Processing Unit

CPU plug in motherboard

Computer Keyboard
A computer keyboard is a peripheral partially modeled

after the typewriter keyboard. Keyboards are designed for the input of text and characters and also to control the operation of a computer.

Computer Keyboard

Computer Mouse
A mouse (plural mice or mouse) functions as a pointing

device by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of a small case, held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various systemdependent operations, or extra buttons or features can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion typically translates into the motion of a pointer on a display.

Contemporary Mouse

Optical Mouse

Plotter
A plotter is a vector graphics printing device that connects to

a computer. Pen Plotters print their output by moving a pen across the surface of a piece of paper. This means that plotters are restricted to line art, rather than raster graphics as with other printers. They can draw complex line art, including text, but do so very slowly because of the mechanical movement of the pens. When computer memory was very expensive, and processor power was very slow, this was often the fastest way to produce color high-resolution vector-based artwork, or very large drawings efficiently.

Plotter

CD-ROM Drive / DVD-ROM Drive

CD-ROM discs or DVD-ROM discs are read using CD-ROM

or DVR-ROM drives, which are now almost universal on personal computers. A CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drive may be connected to the computer via an IDE (ATA), SCSI, S-ATA, Fire wire, or USB interface Virtually all modern CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs as well as Video CDs and other data standards when used in conjunction with the right software.

CD-ROM Drive and DVD-ROM Drive

Computer Storage Component

Hard Disk Drive
Diskette USB Flash Drive

Compact Disc (CD)

Digital Video Disc (DVD)

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard

drive or hard disk, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit with fixed media

Hard Disk Drive

Diskette / Floppy Disk

A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a

disk of thin, flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or FDD, the initials of which should not be confused with "fixed disk drive", which is another term for a hard disk drive. Developed in 1969 by IBM, floppy disks in both 3.5" and 5.25" formats of storage, from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. However, they have now been largely superseded by Flash and optical storage devices.

Diskette / Floppy Disk

USB Flash Drive

USB flash drives are NAND-type flash memory data

storage devices integrated with a USB (universal serial bus) interface. Typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable Memory capacities for USB Flash Drives currently are from 32 megabytes up to 64 gigabytes. USB flash drives offer potential advantages over other portable storage devices They are more compact, generally faster, hold more data, and are more reliable

USB FLASH DRIVE

Compact Disc (CD)

A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store

digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can hold approximately 80 minutes of audio and 700 megabyte of data. Compact Disc technology was later adapted for use as a data storage device, known as a CD-ROM, and to include record-once and re-writable media (CD-R and CD-RW respectively). CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used technologies in the Computer industry as of 2007.

Compact Disc (CD)

Digital Video Drive (DVD)

DVD ("Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc") is a

popular optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. DVDs resemble Compact Discs in that they have the exact appearance (i.e. diameter: 120 mm or 4.72 in, occasionally 80 mm or 3.15 in.) and both are optical storage media so similar that a DVD reader or writer can usually read CDs, but DVDs are encoded in a different format of much greater density, allowing a data storage capacity 8 times greater (single-layer, single-sided).

Digital Video Disc (DVD)

Blue-ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc is an optical dis storage medium designed to supersede the standard DVD format. Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation 3 video games, and other data, with up to 25 GB per single-layered, and 50 GB per dual-layered disc. The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the "blue laser" used to read the disc. While a standard DVD uses a 650 nanometer red laser Blu-ray Disc uses a shorter wavelength 405 nm laser, and allows for almost ten times more data storage than a DVD. While this laser color is called "blue," it is actually violet (purple) to the eye, and is very close to ultraviolet ("blacklight"). During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. As of June 2009, more than 1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles are available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in Japan, the United States and Canada.

What we have learned.

Overview of computer
How is computer working Computer component / hardware

Computer storage component