Instrumental Method
Instrumental Method
Coronary
angiography
Echocardiography
A full blood count can identify presence of infection, anaemia and other
Cardiac troponin is a serum biomarker used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and prognosis.
Diagnosis of acute MI is dependent upon rise and fall of the biomarker, in addition to clinical findings or ECG
changes. Serial troponins are frequently done to determine the peak troponin post MI, which has prognostic value.
Cardiac troponins may be elevated in the presence of inflammatory conditions (e.g. acute myocarditis), structural
heart disease, coronary vasospasm and non-cardiac conditions (e.g. sepsis, chronic kidney disease).
screen or on paper.
Lead system
Trans-thoracic echocardiogram(TTE):
Ultrasound transducer attached at the tip of catheter guided through coronary arteries from
femoral/brachial artery.
Proximal end of catheter attached to
ultrasound equipment
Evaluates
▫ Coronary plaques—structure and composition
▫ Wall of blood vessel
▫ Connective tissue surrounding vessel
Prescribed for
▫ Coronary angioplasty
▫ Stenting
Nuclear scan
A nuclear heart scan is a type of medical test where a safe, radioactive material called a tracer is
injected through a vein into the bloodstream.
The tracer travels to the heart and releases energy, which special cameras outside of the body
detect to create pictures of different parts of the heart.
Using computer software, the images are made to appear as if the heart is
moving.
Patient has to remove all clothes and metallic jewelry from the waist up and put on a hospital
gown for the test.
Patient then stands very still with his chest against the cassette that contains the film.
The X-ray machine sends a beam of ionizing radiation through an X-ray tube.
This energy passes through the chest and is absorbed on film to create a picture.
Lateral view:
Patient stands sideways in front of the film with arms raised
up.
The X rays penetrate the chest from the sides.
Stress echocardiography
The image can identify regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) and wall dyssynchrony, valve sclerosis,
stenosis or regurgitation and provide information regarding myocardial fibrosis and assists in the diagnosis
of amyloid cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and cardiac sarcoid.
Stress MRI
A stress myocardial MRI is a MRI scan that uses an intravenous infusion of a drug (adenosine,
dipyridamole or dobutamine) to increase the work load of the heart. A gadolinium dye or contrast agent is
injected and provides images as it passes through the myocardium. The stress MRI identifies
myocardial scarring or defects and myocardial perfusion and is valuable in assessment of ischaemic
myocardium for possible revascularisation or treatment.
T H A N
K Y O
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Made by-
Areesha Turk
Farhan shoeib