TOURIS

Tourism is a socio-economic phenomenon

Tourism accounts for the single largest peaceful movement

of people across cultural boundaries of the world.

Dictionary says:
The activity of visiting places for pleasure is tourism
 CONCEPT
Tourism as a phenomenon involves the movement of people within their
own country or across the national borders.
It is composed of three elements, namely, (S. Wahab)
 man (the human element as the creator of the act of tourism),
 space (the physical element to be necessarily covered by the act
itself), and
 time (the temporal element which is composed by the trip itself and
the stay at the destination).

These elements constitute the essential conditions for the existence of the
phenomenon of tourism. There could be no tourism act without them.
DEFINING TOURISM

➢ According to WTO , tourism is the movement of people

away from their normal place of residence and work for a
period of not less than 24hrs and not more than 1 year and
whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of
an activity remunerated from within the places visited.
The activities of persons traveling to and staying in place
outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose.
 TRAVELLER TYPOLOGY

TRAVELLERS

OTHER TRAVELLERS
VISITORS

TOURISTS SAME DAY VISITORS

 TRAVELLERS

VISITORS OTHER TRAVELLERS

TOURISTS SAME DAY VISITORS

(OVERNIGHT VISITORS) (EXCURSIONST)

RESIDENTS NON RESIDENTS RESIDENTS NON RESIDENTS

LEISURE/RECREATION BUSINESS/ PROFESSIONAL OTHER

COMMUTERS NOMADS TRANSIT ARMED FORCES

PASSENGERS

REFUGEES DAILY/ ROUTINE TRIPS

MIGRANTS DIPLOMATS
TYPOLOGY OF TOURIST
CLASSIFICATION OF
TOURISTS
• PSYCHOCENTRIC
■ Concentrate on self
■ Safe destination
■ Conservative in travel pattern
■ Small problem areas of life
■ Return trip
• ALLOCENTRIC
■ Varied in form
■ Adventurous
■ Travel or discover new places
■ Rarely return to the same place
• MIDCENTRIC
■ SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN
TOURISM SYSTEM
 TOURISM
SYSTEM
Regulatory
Framework

DEMAND SUPPLY

Tourist
Domestic
Destinations
Influences on and Tourism
and
Demand International Impacts
Facilities
Tourists

Tourism
Intermediaries
TOURISM – AN INDUSTRY?

The UN source identified seven industrial areas, which could be

regarded as belonging in different degrees to the tourist sector,
although for the most part not concerned exclusively with tourism

accommodation,
attraction management
travel agents and tour operators,
restaurants,
passenger transport enterprises,
manufacturers of handicraft and souvenirs designed for visitors
and related outlets,
agencies concerned with tourism.
TOURISM – AN INDUSTRY? CONTD..

Tourism is not one single industry but an amalgamation of many

industries and allied industries.
(1) Aviation
(2) Transportation (Surface - Rail and Road),
(3) Water Transport,
(4) Hospitality,
(5) Attraction Management (Theme Parks, Monuments)
(6) Communication (CRS, Internet, etc.) and
(7) Travel Facilitators (Travel Consultants, Guides, Escorts, etc.) come
together to form the Tourism Sector.
CHARACTERISTICS

 Intangibility
 Perishability
 Heterogeneity / variability
 Inseparability
 Lack of ownership
 Inventory Issues
 Parity
Perishability
Parity
 COMPONENTS OF TOURISM

 Attraction or Tourism Patrimony

 Man made
 Natural
 Hybrid
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM CONTD..

 Accessibility
 Surface
 Water
 Air
 Space
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM CONTD..

 Attraction or Tourism Patrimony

 Accessibility
 Accommodation
 Organised
 Unorganised
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM CONTD..

 Accommodation
 Organised
 Hotels
 Heritage
 Luxury
 House boats
 Guest houses
 Resorts
 spa
 Unorganised
 Paying guest
 Charitable organizations
 Others
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM CONTD..

 Attraction or Tourism Patrimony

 Accessibility
 Accommodation
 Amenities
Elements of Tourism

❖ Travel between a tourist home area and a destination

❖ Temporary and short term visit
❖ Use variety of tourist facilities
❖ Will undertake activities associated with tourism, including visit
for business
❖ Results in positive or negative impacts.
Tourist:

Visitors who travel to and stay in places outside

their usual environment for more than twenty-
four hours and not more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business and other purposes not
related to the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited.
Excursion: a trip by a group of people, usually made for
leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct
to a longer journey or visit a place, sometimes for other
purposes.

Excursionist: temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in

the destination visited and not making an overnight stay,
including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit.
 Leisure

 Time when one is free to relax and do as one whishes. Freedom from
time-consuming duties, responsibilities, or activities. The time when
you are not working or doing other duties. Time spent in or free for
relaxation or enjoyment.

 Leisure has often been defined as a quality of experience or as

free time. Free time is time spent away from business, work, job
hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary
activities such as eating and sleeping.
 Recreation
 Participation in an activity that you enjoy.
 An activity that will improve us or restore us in some way.
(Sports, watching TV, listening music, playing games, gardening)

 Visitors: A broader category than 'tourist', includes tourists and same-day visitors.

 Traveller: A person who travels from place to place, often living in a van or
other vehicle, rather than living in one place.
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
History and evolution of tourism
Early Travel:

 Earlier travel was essentially to seek food or to escape danger.

 Travel was also undertaken for trade.
 Growth of cities along fertile river banks like Nile etc. encouraged water travel.
 Ancient empires like the Romans helped shape modern travel.
The Empire Era

The Egyptians:

 At its peak the travel for business and pleasure flourished.

 Travel to outlining cities was necessary.
 Various amenities were offered to travellers.
 They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held every year.
 People used to travel to attend these festivals.
The Persians:

 They started travel initially for military use.

 Later facilities earlier used for military were transformed to facilitate travel.
 Roads were built, markers were established to indicate distances.
 Safety of travelers was given importance.
 Modes of transport like wagons, donkeys/mules were introduced.
The Greeks:

 Greeks were the first, who shaped the modern day travel.
 Pleasure travel was popular.
 Currency exchange
 Communication
 Provided all the amenities required.
The Romans:

 The prosperity of the roman empire was reflected in the development of travel.
 The Romans included a large group of middle class who had money and time to travel.
 They built excellent roads, transportation and communication systems.
 They built rest houses.
 4. The Mobility Era (1800 to 1944 )

 Growing economic activity.

 Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads,
railroads, steamships)
 Thomas Cook ( Father of Tourism) developed tour packages for
mass travel.
 Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to
travel.
 In 1841, Thomas Cook organized the first tour for a group of
570 to attend a temperance rally in Leicester, England.
Thomas cook
5. The Modern Era (1945 to present)

 Paid vacations introduced in the early 1990s made leisure travel possible for working and
middle classes.
 Millions of people were introduced to international travel during world war II.
 Advent of Jet travel shortened travel time.
 Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of tourism.
 Development of mass tourism.
 Modern day mass tourism

 Mass tourism is a form of tourism that involves tens of thousands of people going to the
same resort often at the same time of year.
 It is the most popular form of tourism as it is often the cheapest way to holiday, and is often
sold as a PACKAGE DEAL.
 A package deal is one in which all of the tourists needs are catered for by one company (such
as Thomas Cook), these needs include travel/flights, activities, accommodation and
sometimes food (called full board when all meals are included, half board includes 2 meals a
day.
 There are many types of mass tourism, including skiing in the mountains, sunbathing on a
beach, visiting a theme park (e.g. Euro Disney near Paris) or taking a cruise. Governments
and local people often support mass tourism because it generates a lot of income for local
areas.
Mass tourism
Concept of annual holiday and social tourism

 A period of time devoted to pleasure, rest, or relaxation, especially one with pay granted to
an employee.

 social tourism initiatives aim to encourage tourism participation for many or most
members of the society – for example, through subsidised schemes such as holiday
vouchers. ... The tourism product offered is again standard, the same for disadvantaged
and non-disadvantaged groups.