F L O AT I N G

PRODUCTION
STORAGE
AND
OFFLOADING
(FPSO)
WHAT IS
FPSO ?
Floating production
storage and offloading
(FPSO) refers to a
floating vessel located
near an offshore oil field,
where oil is processed
and stored until it can be
transferred to a tanker for
transporting and
additional refining.
 1. Floating storage and offloading (FSO)
2. Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
TYPES 3. Floating drilling production storage and offloading
(FDPSO)
4. Floating storage regasification unit (FSRU)
• A floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) is essentially a FPSO without the
capability for oil or gas processing.

• At the other end of the LNG logistics chain, where the natural gas is brought back
to ambient temperature and pressure, a specially modified ship used as a floating
storage and regasification unit (FSRU).
FPSO DESIGN
G-2400-SM
Storage capacity: 2,400,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,000,000 bbl/day

Mooring System: Spread-Moored (optional turret)

Topside configurations weighing up to: 40,000 tons

Dimensions:

Length: 330.00 m

Breadth: 62,00 m

Depth: 33.00 m

Accommodation, up to: 200 persons

Design service life: Minimum 25 years without dry-docking

Class: ABS
G-1600-SM/W
Storage capacity: 1,649,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,000,000 bbl/day

Spread mooring system with risers on the

Mooring System: side, also adaptable to a turret moored
version
Topside configurations weighing up to: 30,000 tons

Dimensions:

Length: 283.00 m

Breadth: 59.40 m

Depth: 30.00 m

Accommodation, up to: 200 persons

Design service life: 30 years without dry-docking

Class: ABS
G-1600-SM
Storage capacity: 1,750,000 bbl
Offloading capacity: 1,600,000 bbl

Mooring System: Spread-moored

Topside configurations weighing up to: 30,000 tons

Dimensions:

Length: 308.25 m

Breadth: 53,00 m

Depth: 29.10 m

Accommodation, up to: 110-160 persons

Design service life: 25 years without dry-docking

 WHAT IS
THE
BIGGEST
FPSO ?
Hyundai launches world’s biggest FPSO
South Korea’s Hyundai Heavy Industries has launched the world’s
largest floating production, storage and offloading ship for French
giant Total’s Usan field off Nigeria.
 cost US$3 Billion

storage capacity 2.3 million barrels

The world's largest located Located 200km off the coast of
FPSO by capacity is the Nigeria

Egina weight 220,000 tonnes

length 330 meters

Width 61 meters
Height 34 meters
 cost US$ 800 million

storage capacity 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m3)

One of the world's Depth Located in 1200 meters of water
largest FPSO is the
weight 81,000 tonnes
Kizomba A
length 285 meters

Width 63 meters
Height 32 meters
THE KEY
COMPONENTS:
• The hull: A big tank, stores the
produced oil.
• The topside: It’s the oil and gas
processing unit at the top.
• Mooring system: The
equipment that holds the FPSO in
place against forces, waves,
winds, and currents. They are
made up of mooring lines,
anchors, and connectors.
• Turret: The turret enables the
FPSO to freely rotate while
moored to various locations on
the seafloor.
OTHER
COMPONENTS:
• Gas dehydration: Gas dehydration
removes the water that is associated
with natural gas.

• Gas compression: Natural gas must

be treated to conform to commercial
standards.

• Water injection.

• Gas, water and oil separator.

• Seawater treatment: Sea water

treatment involves removing
sulfates and other unwanted
elements from injection water.
ADVANTAGES

 FPSOs Saves Time: FPSOs can connect to any pipeline. In addition, when an existing oilfield
is depleted, an FPSO can move to another location.
 Cost: O&G companies are not required to build permanent structures like pipelines and piled
buildings. FPSOs have the capability to store processed oil and gas and offload it to shuttle
tankers for transportation to refineries.
 Safety: FPSOs can be disconnected from the pipelines and oil wells they are moored to. This
makes FPSOs a safer option in areas with severe weather conditions.
 Storage capabilities: FPSOs can store a substantial amount of oil and gas.
LIMITATIONS

• Conversion time: Converting a tanker into an FPSO can take up to two years.
While this is something to consider, it is still substantially faster than building a
pipeline.
• Self-competition: Companies may find that they are competing with their own
pipeline-based infrastructure.
• Initial Cost: The upfront cost of an FPSO can be more than the cost of building
a large fixed offshore platform.
F I R E N Z E F P S O T H R O U G H T H E WA T E R WAY O F S U E Z
CANAL.
25 DECEMBER, 2018
WHAT DOES THE FPSO FEED WORK INVOLVE?

• All FEED
bidders were
given a base case
concept design
for the FPSO
which includes
the hull and
topsides, the
turret, and the
mooring systems.
SURF design
work is separate
to this contract.
COMPONENTS OF FPSO
HOW MANY PEOPLE WORK ON A
FPSO?
• The FPSO will have a crew of 50-70 people.
These people are very close to a huge turret
system and process facilities with highly
explosive materials.
HOW MUCH DOES A FPSO COST?

• The cost of building an FPSO ranges from $200 million to $3

billion, depending on production plant capacity, design life,
local content requirement, operating environment, and other
factors. FPSOs have a number of important advantages over
other production systems.
 HOW MANY FPSO IN THE WORLD

• Globally, there are approximately 183 operating FPSO, as of

2018 , with maximum fleets owned by the operators. Contractors
do have their own FPSO vessels, but has lower market share
than that of the operators
WHEN DO
WE USE AN
FPSO?
• An FPSO is highly suitable
for Deepwater and ultra-
deepwater fields.

• An FSPO is most of the time

connected to several subsea
oil production wells and
obtains the oil through in-
field pipelines.

• Via these pipelines the oil is

transferred to the storage
compartment on the vessel.
 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF FPSO ?

• The FPSO´s • Additionally • Also FPSOs are

great advantage because FPSOs a great choice
is that it can be can be for development
moved freely and disconnected when there are
is therefore a from their no existing
more economical moorings, these pipelines or
solution for more offshore infrastructure to
marginal fields. production transfer
vessels are production to
perfect for areas shore.
that experience
adverse weather
conditions such
as hurricanes.
HOW FPSO WORK ?

• An FPSO is a floating production system that

receives fluids (crude oil, water and a host of other
things) from a subsea reservoir through risers,
which then separate fluids into crude oil, natural
gas, water and impurities within the topsides
production facilities onboard.
MECHANISMS

• Oil produced from offshore production platforms can

be transported to the mainland either by pipeline or by
tanker. When a tanker is chosen to transport the oil, it
is necessary to accumulate oil in some form of storage
tank, such that the oil tanker is not continuously
occupied during oil production, and is only needed
once sufficient oil has been produced to fill the tanker.
D I A G R A M O F F L O AT I N G P R O D U C T I O N S TO R A G E A N D O F F L O A D I N G
UNIT
HOW FPSO WORKS ?
WEATHER & WIND ADAPTATION
SWIVEL STACK
OIL TRANSFER TO TANKER (OFFLOADING)
RISKS
SLIGHT COLLISION ACCIDENT

• improper control of speed of in-place

• wind direction estimation errors

• operational errors
SERIOUS COLLISION

• weather forecast wrong

• too much wind and waves

• failure of equipment control

• command system failure

WORKER CASUALTIES

• capsizing of ships caused by waves

• occasion fog at the local waters

• collision of passing ships

• Fires and explosions

 DESIGN ERROR

• Failure to comply with approved design specifications

• Quality and condition of designers

 EQUIPMENT FAILURE

• performance check

• Maintenance

• emergency alarm function and measures

CONTINGENCY FACTORS

• Tornadoes

• Earthquakes

• Tsunamis

• ice