THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR( RYK CAMPUS)

PRESENTATION # 01
• Presented To: Sir Hassan Rasool
• Department: Chemistry (7th semester)
• Subject: Applied Chemistry
• Presented by:
 Esha Liaquat (01017)
 Bushra Ameen
 Shama Rafique
 Hafsa Jamshaid
 Maryam Shakir
 Maroosha Iqbal
Potato Starch Production
Contents:
 What is Starch?
 Steps in Potato Starch Production
 Delivery and unloading potatoes
 Cleaning
 Rasping of tubers
 Potato juice separation
 Starch extraction
 Starch milk refination
 Dewatering of refined starch milk and starch drying
 Waste products
What is Starch?

Starch, also known as amylum, is a polymeric carbohydrate

made up of several glucose units connected together
by glycosidic bonds.
Its general formula is (C6 H10 O5)n
 Steps in Potato Starch Production

Delivery and unloading potatoes:

Potatoes are delivered to the starch plants via road or rail transport . Unloading of
potatoes could be done in two ways:
•Dry - using elevators and tippers
•Wet - using strong jet of water.
Cleaning:
Coarsely cleaning of potatoes takes place during the transport of potatoes to the
scrubber by channel. In addition, before the scrubber, straw and stones separators
are installed. The main cleaning is conducted in scrubber (different kinds of high
specialized machines are used). The remaining stones, sludge and light wastes are
removed at this step. Water used for washing is then purified and recycled back into
the process.
Rasping of tubers:
Most often the rasping of potato tubers is carried out with a rotary grater. The
purpose of this stage is disruption of cell walls, which therefore release the starch. In
practice, potato cells are not entirely destroyed and part of the starch remains in
the•Cleaning:
mash. Potato pulp rapidly turns dark, because tyrosine presented in the potato
is Coarsely
oxidised by polyphenoloxidase
cleaning of potatoes takes place during, the
which is located
transport of potatoesin thescrubber
to the cellular juice. InTherefore,
by channel. addition, before
the scrubber, straw and stones separators are installed. The main cleaning is conducted in scrubber (different kinds of
cellular juice must be separated as soon as possible.
high specialized machines are used). The remaining stones, sludge and light wastes are removed at this step. Water used
for
Potato
washing isjuice separation:
then purified and recycled back into the process.

This allows the recovery of full-value protein from juice and reduces the
onerousness of unloading
•Delivery and water juice as a sludge.
potatoes:
Starch extraction:
Potatoes are delivered to the starch plants via road or rail transport. Unloading of potatoes could be done in two
ways:
After•dry
separation of potato
- using elevators juice the pulp is directed to the washing starch station, to
and tippers,
isolate
•wetthe starch.
- using strong Most used are stream-oriented washers. In these machines pulp
jet of water.
diluted with water is washed with a strong stream of water to flush out the milk
starch. The mash smuggling with water is a waste product – dewatered potato pulp.
Starch milk is contaminated by small fiber particles (potato tissue fragments) and
the remaining components of the potato juice – that is why it is called raw starch
milk.
Starch milk refination:
Raw starch milk is purified in the refining process. This involves the removal of small
fibers from the starch milk and then the removal of juice water and starch milk
condensation. For this purpose, the screens and hydrocyclones are commonly used.
Hydrocyclones due to the low output (approximately 0.3 cubic meters per hour ) are
connected in parallel and works as multihydrocyclones. For the starch milk desanding
bihydrocyclones are used. In order to prevent enzymatic darkening of potato juice the
chemical refining of starch is carried out using sulfurous acid. Refined starch milk has
a density of about 22° Be, which is about 38% of starch.
Dewatering of refined starch milk and starch drying:
It is a suspension of starch in water, which needs dewatering up to 20% of moisture.
This is equivalent to the moisture content of commercial starch when stored. High
temperatures cannot be used in this process because of the danger of starch
gelatinization which destroys granular structure. It may result in significant changes of
the functional starch properties. Therefore, removal of excess water from milk shall be
done only under conditions that prevent the gelatinization of starch. Dewatering of
refined starch milk is carried out in two stages.
 In the first stage the excess water is removed by means of a rotary vacuum filter.
Secondly moist starch is dried, without starch pasting. For this purpose
a pneumatic dryer is used. In this device moist starch (with water content 36 – 40%)
is floating in strong and hot (160 °C) air flow and then dried during 2 – 3 seconds.
Then, the starch is separated from hot air in cyclones. Due to short time of high
temperature drying and intensive water evaporation from the starch granules, its
surface is heated only to 40 °C.
Dried starch contains about 21% of water. During the pneumatic transport starch loses
additional 1% of water. Received starch is storing separately in silos, in jute bags
(100 kg) or paper bags (50 kg). There are three kinds of starch: extra superior ,
superior and prima. Different sorts of starch depend on degree of purity and
whiteness. The differences between them are in an acidity and content
of mineral substances.
 Waste Products
Potato juice is a liquid waste product separated from the potatoes pulp after the
rasping, using centrifuges or decanters. It contains about 5% of dry substance,
including about 2% valuable protein of the potato of high nutritional
value, minerals, vitamins and other. Modern starch plants separate the juice from the
mash.
We can get about 600 kg of coagulated protein from each 1000 kg of potato. Potato
pulp is a side product of washing the starch from the mash. It contains all non-starchy
substances insoluble in water (fragments of wall of cells) fibres and bounded starch
which cannot be mechanically separated from the blended parties of potato. The pulp
contains 30% of starch, which is not extracted due to economical reasons. That’s why
the pulp is used in animal feeding.
Juicy water is a liquid side product obtained after refining of starch milk. It is ten
times diluted potato juice. As it is a sludge and it cannot be discharged to open water. It
must be treated as waste water or is used as fertilizer.
 Delivery of
potatoes
Cleaning through
scrubbers

Washing

Rasping of
tubers

Potato Pulp
Fibrous
material
Starch slurry
Flow Sheet Diagram
Starch milk
Dryer extraction

Refination
Animal feed
Dewatering

Drying

Potato starch
THANK YOU