INTRODUCTION TO

MANAGEMENT
Session 1 – Unit 1: Nature And Functions of Management
Index

Management - Definition

Nature- Features of Management

Management Functions

Management as a Process

Importance of Management

Management and Administration

Concept of Management

 Directing energies and resources to

achieve various objectives
 Since the inception of human
civilization the concept was there
• Living in a groups
Females take care of children, while males
arrange food, shelter and protect the group
• Management in daily life:
A mother smoothly completes routine
Definition of Management

“Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other

people”. – Lawrence A. Appley

“Management is a process of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling to

determine and accomplish the objectives by the people and resources”. –
George Terry

“Management is the coordination of all resources through the process of

planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order to attain stated
objectives”. – Sisk.

“The act of getting things done through people”. – By Mary Parker Follet
Check your Progress
 From whose definition we understand that the
Coordination is one of the main activities in the
management
a. Koontz Harold
b. M. P. Follet
c. Peter Drucker
d. Sisk
Check your Progress
 Definition given by _________ has outlined various
functions of management.
a. Koontz Harold
b. Sisk
c. George Terry
d. Lawrence A. Appley
Check your Progress
 Management is the act of getting things done through
others
a. Lawrence A. Appley
b. George Terry
c. M. P. Follet
d. Peter Drucker
Nature- Features of Management
Management is goal-oriented
Achievement of goal with efficiency i.e. using the best resources,
minimum time and material wastage.

Management integrates human, physical, and financial

resources
Man, Material, Money, Machine, Methods – A combination of all
these resources can be helpful to make the organization successful.

Management is a continuous activity

Functions of management like planning, organizing, controlling, etc.
are performed continuously. Activities wont stop at a time that’s why
Management is a continuous process.
Nature- Features of Management

Management is all pervasive

 Management is a universal phenomenon.
 Management is required in business and non-business
activity also

Management is a group activity

 To have management, any organization needs more
people, that is group.

Management is a dynamic function

 While responding to the business environment and
organization changes for their sustainable growth &
success.
Nature- Features of Management
Management principles are relative, not absolute
• Management principles should be applied according to the need of the
organization.

Management is a science, art and profession

• Science provides the knowledge & art deals with the application of knowledge and
skills.
• A manager must acquire the knowledge of science & the art of applying it.
• Profession - consists of special knowledge, has formal training methods,
fees, has a code of conduct, and has a representative organization

Management is decision-making
• The quality of the alternative that a manager selects determines the organization’s
performance and journey of success.
Check your Progress
 Management is applicable everywhere from personal life
to a multinational company that’s why it is
_____________
a. An all-pervasive
b. Multi-disciplinary
c. Dynamic activity
d. Continuous process
Check your Progress
 Management is science because it has _____________
a. Principals & Cause and Effect Relationship
b. Experimentation & Observation
c. Test of Validity & Predictability
d. All of the above
Check your Progress
 Manager’s _____________ ability is the success factor
of the business.
a. Artistic
b. Communication
c. Decision making
d. none of the above
Management Functions
 Function is the activity of a person doing the work
 POSDCORB by Luther Gulick (an American political scientist,
was an expert on public administration)
• Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting,
and Budgeting.
 5 functions of management by Koontz and O’Donnel
• Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling
 Planning

• Planning is deciding - what to

do, when to do & how to do
• It bridges the gap from where
we are & where we want to be
 Organizing
 Organizing is deciding where different
types of decisions will be made, who will
do what work or task and who will work
under whom
Staffing

 Process of hiring the best people for the

organization and allotting a specific work based on
their skill to perform it
 Directing

 Dealing with relationship or

communication between people
to influence, supervise,
motivate subordinates
Controlling
 Observing and checking the progress of
goal achievement and taking necessary
action, when goal is not achieved.
Check your Progress
 _____________ is the primary/main function of the
management.
a. Coordination
b. Staffing
c. Direction
d. Planning
Check your Progress
 List of activities, Grouping of activities, Assignment of
duties and responsibilities, Delegating authority and
creation of responsibility, Coordinating authority and
responsibility relationship, etc. are the activities under
____________.
a. Controlling
b. Staffing
c. Organizing
d. Planning
Check your Progress
 _____________ is to overseeing the work of
subordinates to ensure goal achievement and it comes
under Directing function of the management.
a. Communication
b. Motivation
c. Leadership
d. Supervision
Process of Management

“Management is a distinct process

consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling, performed to
determine and accomplish the objectives
by use of people and resources.”
- According to George R. Terry
 Social Process
• Management is concerned with developing better
relationships among people –productive and
useful interactions among employees for
achieving desired goals
Integrated • To work with all resources – human, physical, financial, and
information - functions are linked and interdependent– not
isolated.
Process
Continuous
Process
Never-ending
process -
constantly
identifying the
problem and
solving them by
taking adequate
steps
Importance of Management

 Optimum utilization of resources:

• The best use of limited resources
 Establishes Sound Organization:
• Smooth and coordinated functions as;
Allots the work according to the ability of a person
Clarity on - who is accountable to whom, who can give instructions
to whom, who are superiors & who are subordinates
 Development of Resources:
• Development of human as well as non-human resources –
improves the quality
Importance of Management
 Integrating various Interest Groups:
• groups – like – shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers,
government, etc. All these put pressure on each other to bring better
output and quality performance.
 It Incorporates Innovations:
• The high degree of specialization, high level of competence, and
complex technology; The above requires efficient management
 Stability in the Society:
• changing and modifying the resources in accordance with the changing
environment of the society
• Management integrates traditions and new inventories to safeguard
society from the unfavorable impact of these inventions
Check your Progress
 Effective coordination and smooth communication
ensure employees are working together to achieve a
common objective this makes management a
_____________.
a. Continuous Process
b. An integrated Process
c. Social Process
d. None
Check your Progress
 By allocating the work according to a person’s ability
and establishing clear relationships of superior-
subordinate management helps _______.
a. Integrating various Interest Groups
b. Organizing
c. Establishing Sound Organization
d. Staffing
Check your Progress
 Management never ends, managers have to continue to
plan, do, check, and act for solving any problem on
hand. This makes management a _______ process.
a. Social
b. Integrated
c. Continuous
d. Decision Making
Management and Administration

Basis Management Administration

Meaning Management is an art of getting things It is concerned with formulation of
done through others by directing their broad objectives, plans & policies
efforts towards achievement of pre-
determined goals.
Nature Management is an executing function. Administration is a decision-making
function.
Process Management decides who should as it & Administration decides what is to be
how should he dot it. done & when it is to be done.
Function Management is a doing function because Administration is a thinking function
managers get work done under their because plans & policies are
supervision. determined under it.
Skills Technical and Human skills Conceptual and Human skills
Unit Summary

 Management is the art of getting things done by people.

 Nature – Features – Goal orientation, continuity, integrity,
all-pervasiveness, principles are relative, not absolute,
science – art – Profession, decision oriented
 Functions – POSDCORB
 Process – Social, Integrated, Continuous
 Important for organization, society, and an individual
 Administration and Management are different