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The Importance of Hyperparameters in Machine Learning

The document discusses the importance of hyperparameters in machine learning. It defines hyperparameters as elements that impact a model's performance and ability to generalize. The document then discusses techniques for selecting and tuning hyperparameters, including grid search, random search, and Bayesian optimization. It also covers best practices like evaluating different hyperparameter configurations through cross-validation to reduce overfitting and underfitting.

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50 views

The Importance of Hyperparameters in Machine Learning

The document discusses the importance of hyperparameters in machine learning. It defines hyperparameters as elements that impact a model's performance and ability to generalize. The document then discusses techniques for selecting and tuning hyperparameters, including grid search, random search, and Bayesian optimization. It also covers best practices like evaluating different hyperparameter configurations through cross-validation to reduce overfitting and underfitting.

Uploaded by

flylence
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Importance of

Hyperparameters in
Machine Learning
Hyperparameters are essential elements in any machine learning algorithm that
impact the model performance and generalization. In this presentation, we will
discuss the definition of hyperparameters, their significance, and the importance of
selecting and tuning them.

by Basayya Hiremath
Tuning Hyperparameters
1 Techniques for Selecting and
Tuning Hyperparameters

Grid search, random search, and Bayesian


Cross-validation for 2 optimization are the most common
Hyperparameter Tuning
techniques used to select and tune
Cross-validation is a crucial technique used hyperparameters. Each of them has its
to estimate the performance of a machine advantages and disadvantages, and selecting
learning algorithm and to tune the the optimal technique is dependent on the
hyperparameters. It ensures that the model's task and problem domain.
performance is generalized to the unseen
data and reduces overfitting and
underfitting.
3 Best Practices for
Hyperparameter Optimization

Choosing an appropriate range of


hyperparameter values, evaluating and
comparing different configurations, and
addressing overfitting and underfitting
Examples of Hyperparameters in Different
Algorithms

Neural Networks Random Forests SVM

Hyperparameters in neural networks Hyperparameters in random forests Hyperparameters in SVM include


include the learning rate, include the number of trees, the the kernel type, the regularization
momentum, number of hidden maximum depth per tree, and the parameter, the gamma value, and
layers, and neurons per layer. These number of features per forest. These the degree of polynomial. These
hyperparameters control the hyperparameters control the balance hyperparameters control the margin
learning rate and model capacity, between overfitting and underfitting and the kernel function's
which affect the model quality. and the model's complexity. complexity, which affect the model
performance.
Considerations for Selecting an Appropriate
Range of Hyperparameter Values

Domain Knowledge

Using domain knowledge or intuition about the problem helps in selecting the hyperparameters' appropriate range
and state the only possible values they could take.

Constraints

Understanding the numerical or computational constraints of the problem helps in defining the hyperparameters'
maximum and minimum values.

Scalability

Scaling the hyperparameters' search space is essential as it may limit the optimization time and resources. It's
necessary to optimize the hyperparameters of a smaller portion before extending the search space.
Evaluating and Comparing Different
Hyperparameter Configurations
1 Metrics and Evaluation

Selecting the appropriate metric for evaluation is essential, whether it's classification accuracy, mean
squared error, ROC curve, or others.

2 Cross-validation

Cross-validation helps in selecting the optimized hyperparameters' configuration by testing the model's
performance on the evaluation metric and generalizing it to the unseen data.

3 Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis, such as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and ANOVA, can help in
comparing different hyperparameter configurations and selecting the best one.
Impact of Hyperparameters on Model
Performance and Generalization
Hyperparameters' impact on model performance and generalization is substantial, as they affect the model's capacity,
learning rate, regularization, and other properties that determine the model's quality. Selecting and tuning the appropriate
hyperparameters can lead to better accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score while reducing overfitting and underfitting.
Overfitting and Underfitting in
Hyperparameter Tuning
Overfitting Underfitting
Overfitting happens when the model is capturing the Underfitting happens when the model is too simple to
training data too well, but it doesn't generalize well on capture the relationships between the input and output
new data. Hyperparameters like the complexity and data. Hyperparameters like the learning rate,
depth of the model affect the balance between regularization, or kernel type affect the model's capacity
overfitting and underfitting. and ability to represent complex patterns in the data.
Grid Search vs. Random Search vs. Bayesian
Optimization

Grid Search Random Search Bayesian Optimization

Grid search is a common technique Random search is another technique Bayesian optimization is a
to tune the hyperparameters by that samples the hyperparameters probabilistic optimization technique
iterating over all possible randomly from the predefined that uses prior knowledge about the
combinations of the parameters in a search space but performs better objective function and updates it
predefined search space. It's than grid search and doesn't suffer with new observations. It's more
straightforward and non-stochastic from the curse of dimensionality. efficient than other techniques but
but prone to overfitting and suffers requires an initial guess of the
from a curse of dimensionality. hyperparameters' posteriors.

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