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BILOGY

The document discusses cell division and its different phases. It describes the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. It explains the stages of each type of cell division including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis is described as consisting of two divisions that produces four haploid cells from one diploid cell.

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BARUN SINGH
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views

BILOGY

The document discusses cell division and its different phases. It describes the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. It explains the stages of each type of cell division including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis is described as consisting of two divisions that produces four haploid cells from one diploid cell.

Uploaded by

BARUN SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BENGAL COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


POWERPOINT PRESENTATI ON ENGINEERING BIOLOGY

NAME : ROHIT BOURI


STREAM : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COLL : 237123063
ROLL : BIOLOGY
NO. : BS-BIO301
SUBJECT : 2023-24
SUBJECT CODE : 2ND YEAR ( 3RD SEM)
SESSION
YEAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Neha Ma’am for her
constant support and guidance.
 I would also like to extend my gratitude to
the “Mechanical Engineering Department” of
my college for giving me this golden
opportunity to work on this PowePoint
presentation.
INTRODUCTION

• Biology has been incorporated in the
Engineering field as the knowledge of Biology
inspired a lot of Engineering works and experiments.
• The aim of this ppt is to discuss about Cell division
and its different phases.
CELL DIVISION

 Cell division is the Biological Process where
one parent cell divides into two or more
daughter cells. In eukaryotes it is mainly two
types.
CELL CYCLE

 The Cell cycle is four stage process in which the cell
increase its size, copies DNA and prepare to divide
in four stages -
G1 phase- Metabolic changes prepare the
division. At a certain point- the restriction point- the
cell committed to division and moves to S-phase.
S phase- DNA synthesis replicates the genetic
material. Each Chromosome consists now two sister
chromatids.
CELL CYCLE

G2 phase- Metabolic changes assemble
the Cytoplasmic materials necessary for Mitosis and
cytokinesis.
M phase- A nuclear division ( Mitosis ) followed by
a cell division ( cytokinesis )
MITOSIS

•  Mitosis is a form at Eukaryotic cell division that produces
two daughter cells contain that same genetic component as the
parent cell.
• Stages of Mitosis – Prophase, prometaphase,
metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
PROPHASE

 Prophase occupies over half of mitosis. The nuclear
membrane breaks down to form a number of small
vesicles and nucleolus disintegrates.
i. Centrosome duplicates itself to form two daughter
centrosome that migrate to two opposite ends of the cell.
ii. Centrosome produces Microtubules that forms Spindle
fibrils.
iii. replicate chromosome can now be seen to consist of
Each
two identical chromatids held together by Centrosome.
PROMETAPHASE

The Chromosome, led by their Centromeres,
migrate to the equatorial plane in the mid-line of
the cell-at right-angles to the axis formed by the
centrosomes. This region of the mitotic spindle is
known as the metaphase plate. The spindle fibres
bind to a structure associated with the centromere
of each chromosome called a Kinetochore.
Individual spindle fibres bind to a Kinetochore.
Individual spindle fibres bind to a Kinetochore
structure on each side of centromere. The
chromosomes continue to condense.
METAPHASE

The chromosome align themselves along the
metaphase plate of the spindle apparatus.

ANAPHASE
 The shortest stages of Mitosis. The
centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids
divide, and sister chromatids of each chromosome
are pulled apart- or ‘disjoin’- and move to opposite
ends of the cell, pulled by spindle fibres attached
to Kinetochore. The separated chromatids are
referred as daughter chromosomes.
TELOPHASE

The final stage of Mitosis and a reversal of many
processes observed during prophase. The nuclear
membrane reforms around the chromosomes grouped
at either pole of the cell, the chromosome uncoil and
become diffuse, and the spindle fibres disappear.
Cytokinesis - The final cellular division to form two
new cells. In plants a cell plate form along the line of
the metaphase plate; in animal there is a construction
of cytoplasm. The cell then enters interphase- the
interval between mitotic division.
MEIOSIS

Meiosis is a type of cell division where a simple cell
divides twice to produce four cells containing half the
original amount of genetic intimation. These are
genetic cells- sperm in male and ovum in female. It
maintained a fixed no of chromosome in sexually
reproducing organism.
MEIOSIS-I

The homologous pair of Chromosomes are separated
in Meiosis-I. In this stage a special cell division
reduces the cell from diploid to haploid.
Prophase-I in this stage the homologous
chromosomes pair and exchange DNA to form
recombined chromosomes. Prophase-I is divided in
five phases - Leptotene , Zygotene , Pachyatene ,
Diplotene , Diakinesis.
Prometaphase- Spindle apparatus formed, and
chromosomes attached to spindle fibres by Kinetochores.
METAPHASE-I

 The second stage in the first meiotic division after
prophase I, and highlights the alignment of paired
homologous chromosomes along a single plane in
the centre of the cell
 . In metaphase I, the homologous pairs of
chromosomes align on either side of the equatorial
plate. Then, in anaphase I, the spindle fibers contract
and pull the homologous pairs, each with two
chromatids, away from each other and toward each
pole of the cell. During telophase I, the chromosomes
are enclosed in nuclei.
ANAPHASE-I

Anaphase I is the third stage of meiosis I and follows
prophase I and metaphase I. This stage is
characterized by the movement of chromosomes to
both poles of a meiotic cell via a microtubule network
known as the spindle apparatus. This mechanism
separates homologous chromosomes into two
separate groups.
Telophase-I The Chromosome becomes diffuse and
the nuclear membrane reforms.
CYTOKINESIS

 The final cellular division to form two new cells,
followed by Meiosis-II
The cell now undergoes a process called cytokinesis
that divides the cytoplasm of the original cell into two
daughter cells. Each daughter cell is haploid and has
only one set of chromosomes, or half the total number
of chromosomes of the original cell.
MEIOSIS-II

Meiosis-II separates each chromosomes into two
chromatids. The events of Meiosis-II are analogous to
those of a Mitotic Division, although the no of
chromosomes involved has been halved.
Meiosis-II generates genetic diversity through –
I. The exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis-I.
II. The random alignment maternal and
parental chromosomes in Meiosis-I
III. The random alignment of the sister
chromatids at Meiosis-II

THANK YOU

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