BILOGY
BILOGY
ANAPHASE
The shortest stages of Mitosis. The
centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids
divide, and sister chromatids of each chromosome
are pulled apart- or ‘disjoin’- and move to opposite
ends of the cell, pulled by spindle fibres attached
to Kinetochore. The separated chromatids are
referred as daughter chromosomes.
TELOPHASE
The final stage of Mitosis and a reversal of many
processes observed during prophase. The nuclear
membrane reforms around the chromosomes grouped
at either pole of the cell, the chromosome uncoil and
become diffuse, and the spindle fibres disappear.
Cytokinesis - The final cellular division to form two
new cells. In plants a cell plate form along the line of
the metaphase plate; in animal there is a construction
of cytoplasm. The cell then enters interphase- the
interval between mitotic division.
MEIOSIS
Meiosis is a type of cell division where a simple cell
divides twice to produce four cells containing half the
original amount of genetic intimation. These are
genetic cells- sperm in male and ovum in female. It
maintained a fixed no of chromosome in sexually
reproducing organism.
MEIOSIS-I
The homologous pair of Chromosomes are separated
in Meiosis-I. In this stage a special cell division
reduces the cell from diploid to haploid.
Prophase-I in this stage the homologous
chromosomes pair and exchange DNA to form
recombined chromosomes. Prophase-I is divided in
five phases - Leptotene , Zygotene , Pachyatene ,
Diplotene , Diakinesis.
Prometaphase- Spindle apparatus formed, and
chromosomes attached to spindle fibres by Kinetochores.
METAPHASE-I
The second stage in the first meiotic division after
prophase I, and highlights the alignment of paired
homologous chromosomes along a single plane in
the centre of the cell
. In metaphase I, the homologous pairs of
chromosomes align on either side of the equatorial
plate. Then, in anaphase I, the spindle fibers contract
and pull the homologous pairs, each with two
chromatids, away from each other and toward each
pole of the cell. During telophase I, the chromosomes
are enclosed in nuclei.
ANAPHASE-I
Anaphase I is the third stage of meiosis I and follows
prophase I and metaphase I. This stage is
characterized by the movement of chromosomes to
both poles of a meiotic cell via a microtubule network
known as the spindle apparatus. This mechanism
separates homologous chromosomes into two
separate groups.
Telophase-I The Chromosome becomes diffuse and
the nuclear membrane reforms.
CYTOKINESIS
The final cellular division to form two new cells,
followed by Meiosis-II
The cell now undergoes a process called cytokinesis
that divides the cytoplasm of the original cell into two
daughter cells. Each daughter cell is haploid and has
only one set of chromosomes, or half the total number
of chromosomes of the original cell.
MEIOSIS-II
Meiosis-II separates each chromosomes into two
chromatids. The events of Meiosis-II are analogous to
those of a Mitotic Division, although the no of
chromosomes involved has been halved.
Meiosis-II generates genetic diversity through –
I. The exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis-I.
II. The random alignment maternal and
parental chromosomes in Meiosis-I
III. The random alignment of the sister
chromatids at Meiosis-II
THANK YOU