The document discusses the principles and application of public health, including defining public health as efforts to promote population health through prevention of disease and injury. It also discusses key public health tools like epidemiology and demography, and covers topics such as measuring population health through mortality rates, life expectancy, and analyzing disease burden. Methods of collecting public health data include censuses, registration systems, and surveys.
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Principle and Application of Public Health 11
The document discusses the principles and application of public health, including defining public health as efforts to promote population health through prevention of disease and injury. It also discusses key public health tools like epidemiology and demography, and covers topics such as measuring population health through mortality rates, life expectancy, and analyzing disease burden. Methods of collecting public health data include censuses, registration systems, and surveys.
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Principle and application of public health
Section one: Principle of Public Health
Section two: Application of Public Health Forms of Exam: Quiz, assignment and participant = 25% Total exam 100% First test based unlike questions = 35% It is your hand Final test based dissimilar questions = 40% today if study hard and on time all Prepared by lectures? Unit 1 Principles of public Health 1. Definition of public health? Public Health is the science of promoting health, preventing disease and premature death of a population by systematic efforts of society, communities or individuals, usually in the presence of limited financial resources. It covers three key areas (but overlapping): 1. Health protection - protection against infectious diseases and environmental threats or dangers. 2. Health improvement - target individual behavior or promote health by education and legislation. 3. Health-care services - provide, analyses and improve/ optimize health-care services in whole population Unit 1 Principles of public Health
Other courses related to the public health
Definition of Epidemiology and Demography 1. Epidemiology is a tool often used in public health. It is a science analyzing the incidence, distribution, determinants and control of diseases/health problems as well as factors promoting health. 2. Demography is another tool often used in public health measurement. It is the study of the size, structure and distribution of human populations and the factors influencing these attributes, such as fertility, mortality and migration, but also population health. Unit 1 Principles of public Health Public Health - WHO Definition Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. The three main public health functions are: 1. The assessment and monitoring health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities. Unit 1 Principles of public Health The three main public health functions are: 2. The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities. 3. To assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health promotion and disease prevention services. Prepared by Lecturer: Abdisamad Tallaabo Level of education: Bsc(CHC), MPH(UL) and MNFS(UniSA) Email: [email protected] Unit 1 Principles of public Health Public health professionals monitor and diagnose the health concerns of entire communities and promote healthy practices and behaviors to ensure that populations stay healthy. Examples of notable public health campaigns : Vaccination and control of infectious diseases Motor-vehicle safety and Safer workplaces Safer and healthier foods, safe drinking water Healthier mothers and babies, and also access to family planning Unit 1 Principles of public Health Examples of notable public health campaigns: Coronary heart disease and stroke resulting in declining death rate
Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard or danger
The term global public health recognizes that, as a result of
globalization, forces that affect public health can and do come from outside state boundaries and that responding to public health issues now requires attention to cross-border health risks, including access
to dangerous products and environmental change.
End unit one Thanks for being here today Class-A: Date: 15/09/2022 Unit 3 Principles of public Health Demography It focus on Population Structure in terms of population pyramid in order to know age distribution and indicating life expectancy and compare developed vs. developing countries. Unit 2 Principles of public Health 3. Demography Demography is the scientific study of the size, the structure (composition) and the distribution of human populations, as determined by the following factors: fertility (births) death migration also: marriage, aging, HEALTH Demographical analysis is one of the fundamental tools to assess the health of a population in order to improve health, e.g. by health care changes or other public health measures. Population Trends (changes of population ) 1. Worldwide: 99% of population growth from less developed regions 2. Fertility a) Crude rates are summary rates based on the actual number of events (births, deaths, diseases) in the total population over a given time period. b) Crude birth rates= number of births in specific period/average midyear population per 100,000. c) Ratio: the values of x and y may be completely independent, or x may be included in y. d) Fertility ratio: births / 1000 women of child-bearing age in specific period Population Trends (changes of population ) E) Total fertility rate = average births / women living to end of children bearing years F) Proportion: quantifies occurrences in relation to the population Special type of ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator. The result is expressed as a percentage but any scaling factory can be used. G) Rate: measures the occurrence of an event in the population over time. The time component is important in the definition Rates are often proportion 3. Mortality: children, maternal and vulnerable group mortality Unit 2 Principles of public Health Demography: Population Trends 4. Migration factors affected by migration: education, income, economy, social interaction/isolation, social equity, population structure, vulnerabilities, needs of health service! 5. Life expectancy (=> health) key determinant for future population patterns estimated from life table (age-specific mortality rates for year group / cohort) result of fertility decline and increasing life-expectancy: AGING! >60y will triple by 2050 => health care ↑ due to ↑ income and knowledge Unit 2 Principles of public Health Demography: Population Trends 6. Health transitions Explain the shifts in population composition and diseases Health needs change due to health and epidemiological transitions influenced by a) demography b) medical therapies c) socio-economic factors d) sanitation and education (of women) Unit 2 Principles of public Health Demography: Population Trends/change 7. Disease burden Death rates are not enough to describe burden of disease Use DALYs = loss of healthy life by mortality and disease = disability-adjusted life year ↓ even though life expectancy increases Highlights health inequalities due to risk factors, wealth, and social policies of states Unit 2 Principles of public Health • A mortality rate(death rate): is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population. • Denominator are the total population ; are commonly calculated using either I. The mid-interval population II. The average population…population size fluctuates. • Mortality rate: deaths occurring during a given time period/size of the population among which the deaths occuredx1000 Unit 2 Principles of public Health Demography: Methods 1. Census The total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at (a) specified time(s) to all persons in a defined territory Problems. not carried out and not comparable not accurate and too old 2. Registration systems good when compulsory problem with cause of death when multiple pathologies, “fashions” 3. Surveys sample proportion / subset of population. e.g. Demographic and Health Surveys DHS project (women and children in developing countries where little data available)