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CSS10 - Q2 - Topic 1

The BIOS is boot firmware that initializes hardware and loads an operating system. It is the first code run when a PC powers on. The BIOS identifies and tests components like the display, disk drives, and other hardware. It sets the machine to a known state so compatible software can be loaded and given control of the PC. The BIOS comes from the motherboard ROM, adapter card ROMs, or can be loaded from disk. It acts as an interface between the operating system and hardware.

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32 views

CSS10 - Q2 - Topic 1

The BIOS is boot firmware that initializes hardware and loads an operating system. It is the first code run when a PC powers on. The BIOS identifies and tests components like the display, disk drives, and other hardware. It sets the machine to a known state so compatible software can be loaded and given control of the PC. The BIOS comes from the motherboard ROM, adapter card ROMs, or can be loaded from disk. It acts as an interface between the operating system and hardware.

Uploaded by

Alcoy NHS Tech4Ed Center
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is B ios ?

The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the


first code run by a PC when powered on. The
initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test,
and initialize system devices such as the video
display card, hard disk, floppy disk and other
hardware. The BIOS sets the machine hardware
into a known state, so that software stored on
compatible media can be loaded, executed,
and given control of the PC.
B ios as
interfac e
between OS and
flardware
The B IOS in a P C
c omes from three
possible
sources:
• Motherboard ROM
• Adapter card ROM (such as that found
on a video card)
• Loaded into RAM from disk (device
drivers)
Motherboard B ios
All motherboards must have a special chip containing software
called the ROM BIOS. This ROM chip contains the startup
programs and drivers used to get the system running and act as
the interface to the basic hardware in the system. When you
turn on a system, the power on self test (POST) in the BIOS also
tests the major components in the system. Additionally, you can
run a setup program to store system configuration data in the
CMOS memory, which is powered by a battery on the
motherboard. This CMOS RAM is often called NVRAM
(nonvolatile RAM) because it runs on about 1 millionth of an amp
of electrical current and can store data for years when powered
by a tiny lithium battery.
F unc tionsof
Bios
P OS T (power on
s elf test).

The POST tests your computer's processor,


memory, chipset, video adapter, disk
controllers, disk drives, keyboard, and other
crucial components.
S etu
p system configuration and setup program is usually a
The
menu-driven program activated by pressing a special
key during the POST, and it enables you to configure the
motherboard and chipset settings along with the date
and time, passwords, disk drives, and other basic system
settings. You also can control the power-management
settings and boot-drive sequence from the BIOS Setup,
and on some systems, you can also configure CPU
timing and clock-multiplier settings.
S etup
S c reen
B oots trap
loader
A routine that reads the first physical sector of
various disk drives looking for a valid master
boot record (MBR). If one meeting certain
minimum criteria (ending in the signature bytes
55AAh) is found, the code within is executed.
The MBR program code then continues the boot
process by reading the first physical sector of
the bootable volume, which is the start of the
volume boot record (VBR).
Ty pes of B ios

• Amibios
• Awardbios
• Flashbios
Amibios
Awardbios
Flashbios
CMOS
Setup
S pec ific ations
Ty pic al B IOS S etup Menus
• Maintenance
• Main
• Advanced
• Security
• Power
• Boot
• Exit
Mai
n

Allocates resources for hardware components.


A dvanc e
d

Specifies advanced features


available through the chipset.
P owe
r

Specifies power management features.


B oo
t

Specifies boot options and power


supply controls.
E xi
t

Saves or discards changes to the setup


program options.
Setup Configuration
Common
manufacturers
• American Megatrends
• Insyde Software
• Phoenix Technologies
• Byosoft

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