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LAB Phonetics

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system used to represent sounds in English. IPA is widely used in English language learning and by linguists to transcribe words. Dictionaries also use IPA to show word pronunciations. Phonetics aims to describe all sounds of all languages, including their acoustic, auditory, and articulatory properties. English has 44 sounds total - 20 vowels, including short/long pure vowels and diphthongs, and 24 consonants which are divided into voiced and voiceless categories.

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Menaka Priya
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23 views

LAB Phonetics

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system used to represent sounds in English. IPA is widely used in English language learning and by linguists to transcribe words. Dictionaries also use IPA to show word pronunciations. Phonetics aims to describe all sounds of all languages, including their acoustic, auditory, and articulatory properties. English has 44 sounds total - 20 vowels, including short/long pure vowels and diphthongs, and 24 consonants which are divided into voiced and voiceless categories.

Uploaded by

Menaka Priya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPA in English Phonetics

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a


system of symbols representing each
sound used in the English language.
English language learning widely uses IPA.
Linguists transcribe words in this alphabet
for their research. Dictionaries use IPA to
present the correct pronunciation of
words.
Identity of Speech Sounds

The science of phonetics aims to describe all


the
sounds of all the world’s languages
– Acoustic phonetics: focuses on the physical
properties of the sounds of language
– Auditory phonetics: focuses on how listeners
perceive the sounds of language
– Articulatory phonetics: focuses on how the
vocal
tract produces the sounds of language
 Speech, a form of human communication, is produced by
three groups of organs working together:
 Respiratory system
 The dominant elements are the lungs, the chest wall and the
diaphragm
 Phonatory system
 The airstream released by the lungs undergoes several
modifications before it goes out into the atmosphere through
the vocal cords and larynx. The first such modification is
effected in the trachea (wind pipe).
 Articulatory system
 The organs constituting the articulatory system are : The
Pharynx, The Lips, The Teeth, The Teeth Ridge, The Hard
Palate, The Soft Palate(velum), The Uvula, The Tongue.
The first thing to know about IPA is that there
are two broad categories:

Vowels – these speech sounds in English are


produced with air moving freely in different
directions.
Consonants – these phonetic sounds are
produced by air too, but are stopped by various
parts of the mouth like tongue or teeth.

The English Language has 44 English sounds: 20


vowels and 24 consonants
Pure Vowels/Monophthongs – 12 Sounds Vowel Glides/

Short – 7 Sounds Long – 5 Sounds Diphthongs – 8 Sounds

/ɪ/ – bit, busy, started /ɑː/ – bath, car, safari /ɪə/ – year, beer

/e/ – bed, said, dead /ɔː/ – door, saw, walk /eə/ – chair, there
/æ/ – cat, mat, apple /ɜː/ – bird, work, hurt /əʊ/ – joke, vote

/ʌ / – cup, up, money /iː/ – sheep, eagle, field /eɪ/ – they, bathe

/uː/ – moon, grew,


/ʊ / – good, put, should /aɪ/ – my, dice
through
/ɒ/ – got, what
/ɔɪ/ – joy, noise
because

/ə/ – about, the, police /aʊ/ – out, vow

/ʊə/ – poor, moor


 Pure Vowels can be divided into three based on how these
sounds are being pronounced with the help of speech organs.

Front Vowels (4) Back Vowels (5) Central Vowels (3)


There are 24 consonants sounds in
English divided into 2 types of :-

Voiced Sounds – 15 Sounds

Voiceless Sounds – 9 Sounds

Consonants – 21 letters – 24 Sounds


Voiced Sound (15 Sounds)
/b/ ball, hobby, herb
/d/ dog, added, played
/dʒ/ jam,fudge, danger
/g/ green, hug, league
/v/ video, move, of
/ð/ this, with, mother
/z/ has, cozy, zebra
/ʒ/ visual, leisure, television
/m/ man, lamb, tummy
/n/ no, funny, knife
/ŋ/ sing, uncle, angry
/j/ yes, onion, view
/l/ light, feel, smelly
/r/ right, berry, wrong
/w/ win, one, where
Voiceless Sound (9 Sounds)
/p/ pen, jump, happening
/t/ table, little, watched
/tʃ/ itch, chips, picture
/k/ key, car, luck
/f/ fire, laugh, phone
/θ/ thick, teeth, healthy
/s/ see, city, notice
/ʃ/ shop, nation, special
/h/ house, hungry, who
 According to the Manner of Articulation, Consonant sounds are divided
into four.
 Plosives (6)
 Voiceless- /p/ /t/ /k/
 Voiced- /b/ /d/ /g/
 Fricatives (13)
 Voiceless- /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ / /h/
 Voiced- /w/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /l/ /r/ /Ӡ/ /j/
 Affricates (2)
 Voiceless- /tʃ/
 Voiced- /dʒ/
 Nasals (3)
 Voiced- /m/ /n/ /ŋ/

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