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Chapter 5 - Circular Motion

1) Circular motion can be described and analyzed using Newton's laws of motion. A centripetal force is required to cause an acceleration directed towards the center of the circular path. 2) For uniform circular motion, where the speed is constant, the centripetal acceleration has a magnitude of v^2/R and is always perpendicular to the velocity. 3) Examples demonstrate calculating centripetal force, tension, periodic time, and maximum speed for circular motion situations like conical pendulums, banked roadways, and cars navigating curves.

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35 views

Chapter 5 - Circular Motion

1) Circular motion can be described and analyzed using Newton's laws of motion. A centripetal force is required to cause an acceleration directed towards the center of the circular path. 2) For uniform circular motion, where the speed is constant, the centripetal acceleration has a magnitude of v^2/R and is always perpendicular to the velocity. 3) Examples demonstrate calculating centripetal force, tension, periodic time, and maximum speed for circular motion situations like conical pendulums, banked roadways, and cars navigating curves.

Uploaded by

msofan67
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular Motion

Newton’s Laws can be applied to:

1-linear motion

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚 𝑎𝑥
∑ 𝐹 𝑦 =𝑚 𝑎𝑦
2-Objects traveling in circular paths
2
v
∑ 𝐹 𝑟 =𝑚 𝑎𝑟 =𝑚 𝑅
Uniform Circular Motion, Acceleration

A particle moves with a constant speed in a circular path of radius r with


an acceleration.

The magnitude of the acceleration is given by:

(Centripetal acceleration)

The centripetal acceleration, , is directed toward the center of the circle. The
centripetal acceleration is always perpendicular to the velocity.

is always perpendicular to v
Uniform Circular Motion, Force

• Particle in Uniform Circular Motion means that the particle moves in a circular path of radius r
at a constant speed v
• A force causing a centripetal acceleration acts toward the center of the circular
path and causes a change in the direction of the velocity vector.
• If Newton’s second law is applied along the radial direction, the net force causing the
centripetal acceleration can be related to the acceleration as follows:

2
v
∑ 𝐹 𝑟 =𝑚 𝑎𝑟 =𝑚 𝑅
Example 1:
Amass (3kg) rotate horizontally with constant speed ( as show in figure . If the length of the
cord is 2m

a) Calculate the tension in the cord?


2
v
∑ 𝐹 =𝑚
2 2𝑅
v 5
𝑇 =𝑚 =3× =37.5 𝑁
𝑅 2
b) Find the periodic time ( the time required for one complete rotation of the circle) ?

2 𝜋 𝑅 2 × 3.14 ×2
𝜏= = =2.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑣 5
Example 2:
A particle is moving around a circle of radius (R=1.5m) with constant speed (. What is the
periodic time?

2 𝜋 𝑅 2 × 3.14 ×1.5
𝜏= = =4.71 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑣 2
Example 3:The Conical Pendulum
A ball of mass is suspended from a string of length . The ball revolves with constant
speed in a horizontal circle of radius as shown in Figure (Because the string sweeps out
the surface of a cone, the system is known as a conical pendulum.) Find the speed of the
ball if
Example 4:
A 1 500-kg car moving on a flat, horizontal road negotiates a curve as shown in figure. If the
radius of the curve is 35 m and the coefficient of static friction between the tires and dry
pavement is 0.5, find the maximum speed the car can have and still make the turn
successfully
Example 5: The Banked Roadway (used to make the turning of vehicles on a curved road safer)
A curved road has a radius and a banking angle of 17º.
a) What is the critical speed ( up to which slipping can be avoided) for a car on this curve?

∑ 𝐹 =𝑁cos𝜃−𝑚𝑔=0
2
v
∑ 𝐹 𝑟 =𝑁 sin 𝜃=𝑚
𝑦
𝑅 cos
𝑁 𝜃 =𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔
𝑁=
cos 𝜃

v= √ 𝑅𝑔 tan 𝜃= √3 × 10 × tan 17=3 𝑚/ 𝑠


The force that causes the centripetal acceleration
and keeps the car moving in its circular path is the
b) Find the periodic time horizontal component of the normal force.
2 𝜋 𝑅 2 × 3.14 ×3
𝜏= = =6.28 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑣 3
Non-Uniform Circular Motion

The acceleration and force have tangential components.

produces the centripetal acceleration

produces the tangential acceleration

⃗
𝐹 = ⃗
𝐹 + ⃗
∑ ∑ 𝑟 ∑ 𝐹𝑡
=⃗ ⃗𝑡
𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎
Example 6:
A small sphere of mass is attached to the end of a cord of length and set into motion in a vertical circle
about a fixed point O as shown in figure. Determine the total acceleration of the sphere.
Example 7:
A small sphere of mass is attached to the end of a cord of length and set into motion in a vertical circle about a
fixed point O as shown in figure. Find The tension and total acceleration of the sphere :

a)When the speed at angle

b)When the speed at the bottom


c)When the speed at the top

d)When the speed at r

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