The Scribes

in Egyptian Society
The seated Scribe
5th Dynasty
Louvre Museum

Own Images
and The Internet

Music

I.·.P.·.H.·. Guillermo Calvo Soriano, 33rd

 Scribe
in a Barn

The Scribe and WritingWhen agricultural techniques registered

sufficient progressto allow a primitive community to have of food
surpluses, it undergoes a profound transformation As resources
grow, the number increasesof group members who can be distracted
.from field workto be assigned to other more specialized tasks
 Scribe

So there is a diversification of the social structure. Among the new

,professional categories, Craftsmen, Soldiers and the Priests
the Scribes, occupy a place from the beginning of choice. They are,
in fact, specialists in the complex processes required to score
and account for agricultural products. or artisanal and to record
exchange transactions or distribution that these may give rise
.to within the group
 The appearance of the Writing and the Scribe, as well as That of
the first cities destined to house the new functionings of a developing
society is directly related to the post-Neolithic economic and social
turbulence. The passage of a predominantly rural type of
organization a first form of urban life took place first in the Nile,
Euphrates and Indus valleys, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
.civilizations, during the second half of the 4th Millennium B.C
 Scribes
in the Tomb
.of Menna
.Thebes
.18th Dynasty

Born from the need to keep the memory of all thatthat man
produced, exchanged or consumed, writing initially had a purely
utilitarian and accounting character. Only later, and very little
by little, we became aware of other possibilities as a means
.of communication or transmission of knowledge
 Empirically developed, on the go
for needs, From a multiplicity of
ideograms, the first writing systems
had great complexity. Until
the considerable simplification
that constituted the adoption
,of alphabetic systems
developed in the Phoenician
commercial cities around from
,the 12th century before our era
,the knowledge of writing remained
,in the ancient East
.as a prerogative of a few specialists
Scribe Pesshuper
High Theban Officer
.red quartzite
 ,In Egypt
where the greek alphabet
was not suitable for scoring
,the vernacular language
even the end of the Roman Era,
,with the Coptic writing
the prestige of the Scribes
remained intact
until the disappearance
,of the Pharaonic Civilization
under pressure
.of triumphant Christianity

.Scribe Pharaoh Amenhotep I

 Stele from
Scribe Bakenimen
Abydos

Nothing is more justified than this prestige of the Egyptian Scribes.

Well, thanks to them, from Vizier Tjaty, Head of the Royal Services,
to the State Agents in charge of land management of the Pharaoh
or the Temples, as in the Nile Valley, They maintained good
.administration and their High Culture for 3000 years
Therefore, of all the Professions, it is understandable
.that Scribe offered the greatest attraction for an Egyptian
 School Tablet: The “Satire of the Trades” in stuccoed wood
.and canvas. 18th Dynasty, 1550 - 1295 BC. c

The “Satire of the Trades”, great classic of the Egyptian

Students.The text, written in black, is punctuated and dated in red.
It took the student 18 days to copy it.“The carpet maker in the
workshop is more miserable thanA woman has her knees on her
stomach, without air to breathe.If he misses a day without knitting,
they beat him. With 50 strips he bribes the doorman
.to let him out into the light of day
 The arrow maker,really in a terrible“
situation, he goes up into the desert,
what he has to give to feed her donkey
exceeds the work she does and he must
give a lotto the inhabitants of the
marshesthat guide him. When he
returned homeat night,The trip had
destroyed him.The Caravanero leaves
abroad after having bequeathed his
assetsto his children, for fear of the
lionand the Asian, he alone is
found.When he is in Egypt his homeIt’s
”.just cloth and bricks, it won’t relax

.Râmés, Chief Scribe of the Works West of Thebes

Royal Tombs of Ramses II. Deir el-Medineh
 It was mostly family tradition. that one
became a Scribe. In the New Kingdom,
parents placed to those of their children
who destined to this profession
in the “House of Life” where the little ones
learned to read and write in company
.of his classmates
The textbook used by teachers
could be rebuilt thanks to the multiple copies
they made for countless
.generations of budding Scribes

Ramosé Scribe
from the Place of Truth
 .School Tablet
.Kemit
.coated wood
B.C. 1650 - 1963
Dynasty XII - XIII,
First sentence
from a school book
studied and copied

.Kémit, the Sum”, a collection of beautiful epistolary formulas “

:The poorly formed signs and blunders are the work of a student
A Servant tells his Master whose Life, Health, Strength“
,and Lifespan he desires. Eternity, forever
”.according to the wish of this humble servant
 The pedagogical methods used were so indelicate that the term
”.Sebayt, “Teaching,” could also mean “Punishment
Mainly focused on learning to read, write and elementary calculus,
the studies did not neglect the body. A Tale from the Ramesside
”Period attests that Physical Exercises, “Manly Work
.”They were part of the educational program of the “House of Life
 ”Day Out Book“
of the Scribe Padiaminet

According to these school exercises, the main advantageof the life

of a Scribe, even before material comfortand his physical safety,
was indeed Respectability.A Respectability whose most tangible sign
was a beautiful impeccable clothes. Because, just by not being
forced to perform manual labor considered degrading, the Scribe
!…It never gets dirty. The “White Collars” had already been born
The Scribes of the House of Life teach Hieroglyphics Courses, reveal
the Sacred Books, teach the “Program” of the symbolic scenes that
must be recorded, painted and drawn on the walls of the Tombs.
,Here you will be taught the Scripture of the House of Life
,formed by Signs that are so many Elements of Knowledge
.Symbols loaded with Magic and Mystery
.The Fulfillment of the Spirit depends on the right Scripture
 Adapt to Teaching“
,of the Ancients
.of those who preceded you
His words endure
.in the Books
Open them, read and copy
,the Silence of him
because only a Being
who knows how to learn
”.becomes skilled
MERIKARA

Scribe Ankhrekhu
 The Scribe's Material It was relatively
rudimentary and changed little
.throughout the Pharaonic Civilization
It consisted essentially from a wooden pallet
,with two circular domes on its surface
as well as a bucket of water
.and a case of Calamos, cut reeds
 The Scribe used a reed stick to write, which
he dipped in water before using the red and black
,ink contained on the palette. For this
.he had small vessels, made of clay or stone

The elongated shape of the cavity has been associated

,to that of the Royal Cartridge. The Shen Ring
symbol of the “Eternal Return”, It has sometimes been
.engraved on the Palette
 .Scribe Palette Model
This votive palette, which was part
of the funerary trousseau
,that surrounded the deceased
It is a representation of part
;of the Scribe's paraphernalia
.the image of the wooden pallet
One of the compartments
where the calamos were stored,
.represented hereby vertical lines
At the top are two circular domes
,with the figure of Shenou knots
primitive form of the Cartridge,
destined to receive
.red ink granules and black ink

Alabaster
 Sticks, Calamos or Canes
of writing. Rush. The main
,tool of the Scribe
the writing reed was not cut,
,the Scribes chewed the tip
.So a real Brush remains

Palette of The Scribe's Material of Tutankhamón

Scribe Päy
 When the Scribe
wasn't writing
he wore with pride all
,on his shoulder
the pitcher and the reeds
as a counter weight
to the palette that he hung
.in the front part of the bust

Military Scribes
 ,As a support for writing
they mainly used papyrus. But there was also
occasional use of stuccoed wooden tablets
.and sturdier leather rolls
Papyrus being relatively expensive, the old
.leaves were recovered by washing (palimpsests)

Often, too,to annotate

,short texts or drafts
,They used the Ostracas
pottery fragments or limestone
.flakes torn from the cliff
 Writing used for administrative and private purposes was, not
hieroglyphic writing reserved for monumental engraved or painted
.inscriptions,but the hieratic writing, the cursive form of the first
Unlike the hieroglyph, that according
to aesthetic needs could run
indifferently in one direction
or another, the Hieratic and
the Demotic were written exclusively
.from right to left
Red ink usually it was reserved
,for Titles or incipits
,the first words of Chapters
a habit that later It was adopted
,by the Greeks and Romans
,”hence the French “rubrique
”.from the Latin rubrica, “red earth

Scribe Sobekhotep - Berlin Museum

The Scribe is above all the bureaucrat
and in such a bureaucratic state like
that of the Pharaohs, the bureaucrat
is the king. He knows it and repeats
it at length: “It is the Scribe
who imposes taxes in Upper
and Lower Egypt and it is he who
collects them. He keeps track
.of everything that exists
.The Armies depend on him
He is the one who drives
to the Magistrates before Pharaoh
.and he gives to every man his pass
He is the one who rules
.the entire country
.All matters are under his control

Ounennefer Lector Priest, Director of the Works

 .The little Scribes are no less fierce
,We must observe them in action, countless
in the scenes of daily life that decorate the walls
.of the Tombs of the Old Kingdom
We can clearly see that the Scribe directs activities
.around the world
 .Livestock Census
.Model

The profession offers multiple advantages that are happy

to enumerate: when working as a writer, the Scribe does not have
.to pay taxes. The profession is more profitable than any profession
She saves you from work, protects you from all work; she saves you
from carrying the hoe and the pickaxe, You don't have to tackle
.the basket, it frees you from handling the paddle
 Stelle
of Scribe
Dhut-mose

Saves you from torment: you are not under the orders of numerous“
,Masters, of a multitude of Superiors, because
”.of all those who practice a profession, the Scribe is the Boss
Be Write so that your members be smooth“
,and your hands soft, so that
,dressed in white
you can turn out magnificent
”.and the Courtiers greet you
You call one man“
,and a thousand answer you
”…You casually walk down the road
Here we see the deep reason emerge
: of the pride of the Scribe
,In a country of illiterate people
,he knows how to read and write
.he is an educated man
He received a classical education
and he retained a taste for Books
.throughout his life
Behind the papyrus scraper Ramosé Scribe
...the Scholar appears from The Place of Truth
 The character would be detestable
If he didn't know, sometimes,
.make fun of himself
:They say of Scribe Roy
,He has never moved“
he has never run
;since he was born
,He hates work of an active person
.”He doesn't know him
You came blessed“
...with great mysteries
You are more expert“
”.than your colleagues

Scribe Roy y su esposa

 Scribe Roy and wife
.Roy´s Tomb
.18th dynasty
.Valley of the Nobles
Thebes

The Wisdom of books is engraved in your heart. Your language“

is precious, your rules abundant. A sentence that comes out of your
mouth weighs more than three books…” I am amazed when you
,declare: “As a Scribe, I am deeper than Heaven
”.Earth and the Otherworld
,Prince Khâemouaset
Son of Ramses II To his love for works
from the mind we know
.Egyptian Literature
The Keeper of the Royal
Treasury Ennéné, he left us
several Literary Manuscripts,
calligraphed with his beautiful
handwriting dedicated
for pleasure and delight of
Prince Khâemouaset
Son of Ramses II, on the back
.of a record, an Ancient Wisdom
This interest is not surprising because, after all, Is the writer
something more than an inspired Scribe? Doesn't it belong
?more often to the Civil or Priestly administration
 ,In Hermopolis
,in Middle Egypt
lived a Scribe
,called Petosiris
High Priest of THOT
the Lord
.of the Hieroglyphs

O you who now live on earth, and those of you who are yet“
,to be born, those of you who come towards this mountain
.You will see this tomb and you will pass by it
.Come, I will direct you along the Path of Life
,You will sail with a favorable wind, without accident
.and you will arrive at the Abode of the City of Generations
.Good is the Way of the Man who obeys God
”!Fortunate is the one whose heart drives him to follow Him
PETOSIRIS
 It is bright to move forward“
,along the Way of God
great are the advantages reserved
to those who apply themselves
.to follow him
It is a monument that stands
,himself on earth
the one who insists on following
.the Way of God
,Who stays in the Way of God
,He spends his life in joy
more full of riches
”.that all his peers
PETOSIRIS Sarcophagus PETOSIRIS
 ,Oh my Lord THOT“
,Three times Great
,the Unique One
,who has no peer
?What do you hear and see
.to anyone who passes by
What do you know to anyone
.who arrives
Without whose knowledge
! Nothing happens
You moved my Heart to walk
,through your waters
who walks your path
”.He does not stumble
.Ramessesnakht High Priest PETOSIRIS
Scribe protected by the god THOT
.Cynocephalus. XX Dynasty
 .Any Scribe, before writing,I had to direct a Prayer to THOT
!Oh, THOT, preserve me from vain words“
Get behind me in the morning. Come, you who are the Divine Word.
.You are a sweet source for the thirsty desert traveler
,Blinded source for the talker
”.What a blessing for those who know how to keep silent
) Papyrus Sallier 1, 8, 2- 6(

THOT
 THOT was considered
the Patron Saint
,of the Egyptian Scribes
They turned to Him
with Hymns and Prayers
.for his professional success
,The image of him
,in the shape of an ibis
,or in the form of a Baboon
is placed on the mat
,in front of the Scribe
.to inspire his work

,Youpa Royal Scribe, General of Ramses II

protected by the god THOT Cynocephalus.
.Hermopolis Magna
 A text tells us
,that each Scribe
,before getting to work
makes a libation
:in honor of Imhotep
pours a little water
from its bucket
container for transportation(
)of water or materials
to celebrate
the Ka of Imhotep
.Patron Saint of Letters

Imhotep
 His profession is the first
.of all professions
It is an honor to serve as Scribe
at the time
,of the Great Pyramids
the Royal Princes
somehow reserved
.the right to become Scribes
The famous Seated Scribe
of the Louvre represents
to a High Dignitary
,of the 5yh dynasty
immortalizes the attitude
,of sitting down to write
,with legs crossed on a mat
placing the roll
Seated Scribe” of the 5th Dynasty“ .on his stretched loin cloth
 Statue seated
Scribe Dersenedj in the characteristic position
.of the Scribe
The general appearance
and certain details, such as
,the hair style
they point towards
.the statuary of the Old Kingdom
Hair, shared for a line in
the middle and falling on the
shoulders, It is similar
to that of the Scribes
,of the Cairo Museum
whose two strands of hair
are separated on the sides
of the face. The anatomy
.Granite. Old Kingdom .is that of a young man
 ,The broad shoulders, the thick and short neck
.They darken the collar bones, accentuate the robust appearance
The particular position of the head,
,placed slightly forward
but above all raised as if she were
looking at one point taller
.than his face
Express an impression of serenity,
reinforced for the slight smile
.that runs through the lips
,The model of the body
pectorals and nipples, and the face
rounded cheeks, narrow mouth,
,rimmed eyelids
.tends to idealize this character

Scribe of the 5th Dynasty

 As soon as
to professional activity
of the Scribes
and material conditions
,in which they practiced
the rich documentation,
,papyri, ostraca
trails, discovered
in the town
,of Deir el-Medina
on the western shore
,of Thebes
provides good examples, even if this documentation concerns
,only a very particular community
,that of the Workers of the Royal Necropolis
,and a time clearly circumscribed throughout time
.the 19th and 20th dynasties
The Community of Necropolis Workers had two types of Scribes.
The “Scribes of the Tomb”, in administrative function. The
“Designers” in Egyptian, very literally, “Scribes of the Outlines”,
rather belonged to the coaching staff, They were in charge
of decorating the Royal Hypogeums, in which they traced
.the hieroglyphic inscriptions and drew the reliefs
 ”Divided between a “right-wing team” and a “right-wing team
of the left”, like the Workers, the “Scribes of the Tomb” They were
at least two in number. Appointed by the Vizier, they took the Rank
immediately after the two Team Leaders, who assumed the Practical
Direction of Field Work. The “Scribes of the Tombs” are in charge
.of everything matters related to the Administration of the Town
Your main taskwas to keep up
to date Basic documents
,of every Egyptian Institution
the Hérouyt, the “Diary”
where the main events
of interest to his community
.were noted
They raised the List of absent
workers daily, indicating
,the reasons for his absence
the balance of tools
and the materials distributed
on the site, and copied
the letters exchanged
,with the Vizier
Whom They reported
.immediately
 They were the ones who, every month, distributed the Cereals
among the Workers, after having received the assigned income
in kind. to Equipment Maintenance. When the Local Court meets,
the Qenebet, also acted as employees. The remuneration
of the “Tomb Scribes” like other members, It consisted of monthly
rations of wheat and barley, as well as more expensive products,
.meat, wine, cakes, clothing, sandals, etc
.distributed on the occasion of the Main Annual Festivals
 But knowing how to read
and write, it was possible
for them to complement
this income serving
as Notary Public
and Notary
.for the townspeople
Finally, decoration in name
,of the deceased
of the Funerary Furniture,
.coffin, canopic vessels, etc
,of illiterate workers
was another source
,of significant benefit
even if it was
.more occasional
In the absence of documentation as homogeneous as that discovered
in Deir el-Medina, it is still impossible to ensure the conditions
.of life of the Scribes in other parts of the country or in other times
 ,The tomb paintings, reliefs, stele
small objects unearthed almost every where
in Egypt tell us the practical aspects
of the Work of the Scribes
about your schedule or your financial
situation and administrative
.within a Community
They allow us to see them in the exercise
of their profession, we know their clothing
and his tools, and the deities
.they directed your sentences

Ptahmes Royal Scribe

 The Wise
They predicted
,the future
what came out
of his mouth
.It was performed
Precisely when
They have already
,disappeared
his Magic Power
achieves to those
.who read his writings
.Hieratic Papyrus

,Offering Table of Senou Scribe

.Director of the Internal Service of the Donations Office, Abydos
 ,The Scribes full of Wisdom
From the time that came after
,the Gods
,and whose prophecies came true
...Their Names last forever
They did not plan to leave behind
,them as heirs sons of his flesh
:that they will retain their Name
adopted as heirs the Books
.and the Teachings they wrote
They turned the Books into their Priest,
,His teachings are his Pyramids
,the palette and pen of the Scribe
;in his well-loved son
.the tablet, in his wife
Chedsounéfertoum Royal Scribe
Excellent in The House of Life
 ,Home of the Word to learn life“ Scribe Amenemope
,instructions for well-being
all the rules for relationships
,with the Ancients
the Path of Righteousness
,to behave with the Dignitaries
to know how to respond to the speaker,
to respond to the one who sends
a message, to direct the listener
along the Paths of Life
,and make it prosperous in the land
to make your heart
enter the Chapel
”.sailing away from evil
Scribe Amenemope
19th Dynasty
 ,We must spread all the words“
,recommends Ptahhotep
so that they do not perish never
”.on this earth
Egypt believes that outside
the Transmission of the Verb
;there is no possibility of Salvation
the Texts of the Gods
They are
,the way of realization of Man
”.the Lights that mark his path

,Ptashepses Scribe, Judge

Inspector of the Servants of God
 ,He sido íntegro y justo“
he detestado la mentira
y vivido cada día
.del cumplimiento de la Verdad
,He sido un Sabio sin par
un hombre que ha resuelto
,las dificultades
he valorado cada situación
.”con gran visión
,Stele of Ra-Hotep
High Priest of Ptah

Ra - Hotep Scribe
 Follow your heart“
,while your existence lasts
do not commit excesses
with what has been prescribed
.for you
Don't shorten the time
.to follow the heart
Wasting the moment of action
of the heart is the abomination
.of the Vital Power, Ka
Do not divert excessively
your daily action for
.the maintenance of your house
,Let things happen
follow the heart
Things won't take advantage
.”to the negligent
Prince Kauab. Scribe
PTAH-HOTEP
.5th Dynasty. 2450 years B.C
 .Paser Stele. Sandstone
19th Dynasty
One of the highest Dignitaries
.of the New Empire
City Governor of Thebes
,and Vizier of the South
under the reigns
,of Seti I and Ramses II
Paser is the Prime Minister
.of Pharaoh
,Very big
They are his responsibilities,
Executive Chieff
,and Minister of Justice
Its powers they still extend
,to the Police
.to the Tax Office, etc
Stele of Paser
 .Stele of Paser Royal Scribe
A sumptuous tomb was dug in the Valley of the Kings
.and a large number of high-quality statues were sculpted
 ,The Royal Scribe Iny
Chief of Scribes of Letters
and the High Priest Ptahmay
burn incense
before the gods Re-Horakhty
.and Osiris
Your good will is essential
for eternal good destiny
.of the deceased
.Fire Altar 1300 B.C
.End of the 18th Dynasty
.Limestone
 The Priest-Reader Senou
addresses all the gods
.that lead to the Other World
You who cross the sky“
every day, that you are
in the wake in the morning:
Have a beautiful trip
,to the Royal Scribe Senou
in your company
in the Domain
.of the Tired, Osiris
,let it rise how you get up
,let him sit how you feel
”.for he is one of you

Stele of Royal Scribe Senou

 The Scribe of the Chivalry,
Ouia and his family
pay tribute
.to the god OSIRIS
,2nd record
Ouia surrounded
,by his family
.in front of a set table
.B.C 1350 - 1400
Limestone

Stele of Ouia The Scribe of the Chivalry

 Stele to God Ptah of Chedsounéfertoum
Royal Scribe Excellent. Great of the Artisans
.from The House of Life. Memphis
Scribe Nebmertef ,Make laws“
.THOT Baboon ,establish regulations
inform everyone
the Servants of the House
,of the Lord of the two lands
,by the King's Scribe
,that he loves him
the faithful scribe
,in the House of Amun
the main Priest Reader
and Magician
”.Nebmertef

.Nebmertef, Royal Scribe, Superior of the Secrets of Hieroglyphs

.Noble, Prince, Royal Chancellor, Only Friend
,True Scribe in the Domain of Amun
.Scribe of the Correspondence of the Lord of the Two Lands
 Nakhthorheb
,Priest Reader and Magician
Controller of the Wizards
,in the House of Life
,Controller of the Ceremonial Palace
Superior of the Secrets
of the House of the Opening
,of the Mouth
,Superior of Secrets of the two Uraeus
,Equipment Controller
,Domain Controller
,Tiara or Diadem Assistant
,Controller of all the Divine Functions
,Conductor of the Ranks
,Companion of her Majesty
.Noble, Prince, Friend
Nakhthorheb
 Imenhetep Superior
of the Temple Scribes
,of the Domain of Amon
Priest-it-nétjer Beloved
of Amon-Râ Kingof the Gods,
,Priest-ouâb, Superior of the Altar
and of the Lord Gods
of the Highand of Lower Egypt,
and of Karnak, Great Seer
,of Rê-Atoum in Thebes
he who opens the Gates of Heaven
at Karnak, Superior of Secrets
in Heaven, Earth and Douat,
Superior of Secrets in the Great
Hall of Justice of Heliopolis,
Priest-Sem of Akhet-Néheh,
.Pyramidion of Imenhetep ,efficient spirit of Râ
18th Dynasty .”He who enters Heaven“
Hornakht Hornakht
2nd Priest-hem-nétjer of Amon-Rê
,King of the Gods
,Priest-it-nétjer Beloved of God
Superior of the Secrets in Heaven,
,Earth and Douat
,Priest of the Vestment by Kamoutef
House Director
,of the Silver of Amon
Double Barn Director of the Lords
,of Thebes
Director of the Sanctuaries
,of the Gold of Amon
.Noble, Prince
 Nedjemet Funerary Papyrus
Royal Mother of the Lord of the Two Lands. 21st Dynasty

Papyrus scrolls, covered with drawings and incantations, to ward

off the forces of evil and facilitate the deceased on the Path
.of the Resurrection, were traced in Tombs in the New Kingdom
 Nesmin Papyrus Priest-it-nétjer

,Weighing of the Heart” scene. The deceased, on the right“

,in the Maat Judgment Hall. His heart is on the plate of the scales
the symbol of Maat on the other. The gods Horus and Anubis
proceed to the weighing, while THOT announces the result to Osiris
.seated, who will dictate the Sentence
.The Monstrous “Devourer” is sitting on a box
 Ani Papyrus

,Heart of my mother, heart of my being, do not testify against me“

;do not oppose me before the Court of the Hereafter
,You are the Creative Power that is in my body
”.the Creator who maintains my members
Book to Come to Light. Chap. 30
 Stele of Houy Treasure Scribe
The Treasury Scribe
of the Good God,
Houy the Younger
Pray to Rá while
he sets himself o
n the Western Horizon
of Heaven.
“Tribute to you, that you
are Rá when you wake
up and Atum during
your beautiful Bedtime”.

“I pray to you Father of Men, whose love illuminates the Double

Homeland May you grant me Happiness in Heaven,
Wealth on Earth, and see the Sun every day.
So grant the gentle North Wind
to the deceased Treasure Scribe Houy.”
.Stone Sarcophagus of the Royal Scribe Nes-schu-tefnut
.Saqqara Necropolis. Ptolemaic Period. 350 - 30 B.C
The hieroglyphs of the Amduat Text and the images allow the Royal
.Scribe Nes-schu-tefnut to arrive at the Shore of the Other World
 Offering Table
.of Scribe
On Both Sides
the God THOT
.Like Cynocephalus

The Egyptian word

that we translate
,as Scribe means
”.he who writes“

Laymen or clerics, all those who manage the pen to carry out work
days or to write “the words of the god”, composing Books
of Wisdom or preparing cadastres, are part of the same Fraternity
,and have the same Pattern, THOT, The Divine Scribe
Foundation of the State, Foundation of the Society, the Corporation
of Scribes, which forged Egyptian Thought
.and maintained its values for three Millennia
!!!…HEIL BROTHERS SCRIBES
Bibliography
Christian Jacq. Pouvoir et Sagesse -
selon l´Egypte Ancienne, Paris, 1981
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