Smart way to learn math is to

love Math!

Introductory Workshop Prepared By: Amjad Hussain

 What’s 789789 x 999997?
How about 2354675 ÷ 9?
Or Cube Root of 54872 ?
Your expressions, after seeing these math problem,
are like ………
Most of us, when faced with math problems like
these, immediately reach for
a Calculator or a pen
But imagine if you
could perform
these and other
seemingly difficult
—but surprisingly
easy— calculations
right in your head
with lightening speed.

Seems like an impossible feat? It’s not.

It’s a skill that offers other lifelong benefits,
including:
*giving you a competitive
edge in school or at work;

* keeping your mind active

and sharp at any age;
* improving your performance
on standardized tests

* Mental mathematics also is

valuable when you’re shopping
for groceries or figuring out
how much to tip at a restaurant.
 CONTENT OF WORKSHOP
1. LEFT-TO-RIGHT ADDITION
2. LEFT-TO-RIGHT SUBTRACTION
3. MULTIPLICATION OF 11
4. MULTIPLICATION (multiplying two-digit numbers with
the same 1st digit, and 2nd digits sum to 10):
5. MULTIPLICATION (Numbers below a base 100, 1000,
100,000):
6. DIVISION BY 9
7. SQUARING (when the number ends in 5)
8. SQUARING (Numbers that are close to a base number
10, 100, etc.):
9. SQUARE ROOTS OF PERFECT SQUARES
A Little Give and Take:
Mental Addition and
Subtraction
LEFT-TO-RIGHT ADDITION (Two-Digit Addition):

47
+ 32 (30+2)
47 + 30 = 77
+ 2 = 79
(first add 30) (then add 2)

To solve 47 + 32,
first add 30, then add 2.
After adding 30,
you have the simpler problem 77 +2,
which equals 79.
Now you try……….

67
+ 28 (20+8)
67 + 20 = 87 + 8 = 95
(first add 20) (then add 8)

Adding from left to right,

you can simplify the problem by
adding 67 + 20 = 87;
then 87 + 8 = 95
Now try another one………..

84
+ 57 (50+7)
84 + 50 = 134 + 7 = 141
(first add 50) (then add 7)

You added 84 + 50 = 134

and added 134 + 7 = 141.
Now you try in your mind……….

68
+ 45
113

You should have added 68 + 40 = 108,

and then 108 + 5 = 113, the final answer.
Was that easier?
Practice Questions:
1. 23 + 16 8. 19 + 17
=23+10=33+6=39 =19+10=29+7=36
2. 64 + 43 9. 55 + 49
=64+40=104+3=107 =55+40=95+9=104
3. 95 + 32 10. 39 + 38
=95+30=125+2=127 =39+30=69+8=77
4. 34 + 26
=34+20=54+6=60
5. 89 + 78
=89+70=159+8=167
6. 73 + 58
=73+50=123+8=133
7. 47 + 36
=47+30=77+6=83
LEFT-TO-RIGHT SUBTRACTION (Two-Digit
Subtraction with borrowing):

86
- 29 (30 - 1)
86 - 30 = 56 + 1 = 57
(first sub 30) (then add 1)

If a two digit subtraction problem would

require borrowing, then round the second
number up (to a multiple of ten). Subtract
the rounded number, then add back the
difference.
For example………

54
- 28 (30 - 2)
54 - 30 = 24 + 2 = 26
(first sub 30) (then add 2)

The problem 54 - 28 would require

borrowing (since 8 is greater than 4), so
round 28 up to 30, compute 54 - 30 = 24,
then add back 2 to get 26 as your final
answer:
Now you try in your mind………

81
- 37 (40 - 3)
81 - 40 = 41 + 3 = 44
(first sub 40) (then add 3)

Now try your hand (or head) at 81 - 37. Since

7 is greater than 1, we round 37 up to 40,
subtract it from 81 (81 - 40 = 41), then add
back the difference of 3 to arrive at the final
answer:
Practice Questions: 6. 63
1. 51 - 46
- 26 63-50=13+4=17
51-30=21+4=25 7. 51
2. 84 -27
- 59 51-30=21+3=24
84-60=24+1=25 8. 89
3. 92 - 48
- 34 89-50=39+2=41
92-40=52+6=58 9. 125
4. 67 - 79
- 48 125-80=45+1=45
67-50=17+2=19 10. 148
5. 78 - 86
- 29 148-90=58+4=62
78-30=48+1=49
MIGHTY MULTIPLICATION
 Multiplication of 11

32 x 11 = ?

352

Can you solve this problem in 5 sec?

To solve this problem,
simply add the digits, 3 + 2 = 5, put
the 5 between the 3 and the 2,
and there is your answer: 352
What could be easier?
Now you try……….

53 x 11 = ?

583

Since 5 + 3 = 8,
put the eight between 5 and 3
your answer is simply
583
Without looking at the answer or writing
anything Down ……………

What is 81 x 11?

Did you get 891

What could be easier than this!

Now before you get too excited, I have shown
you only half of what you need to know……

85 x 11

935

Although 8 + 5 = 13, the answer is NOT 8135!

As before, the 3 goes in between the numbers,
but the 1 needs to be added to the 8 to get
the correct answer: 935.
“Can we use this method for multiplying
three-digit numbers (or larger) by eleven?”

325416534 x 11 =?

3579581874

Absolutely

Math’E magic Begins!

Practice questions
1. 21 × 11 9. 48 × 11
=231 =528
2. 17 × 11 10. 93 × 11
= 187 =1023
3. 54 × 11 11. 98 × 11
= 594 =1078
4. 35 × 11 12. 135 × 11
= 385 =1485
5. 66 × 11 12. 261 × 11
= 726 = 2871
6. 79 × 11 13. If you want to purchase 11
chocolates in Rs. 54 each.
=869
What cost you have to pay?
7. 37 × 11
54 x 11 = 594
= 407
14. What is the cost of 11 shirts of
8. 29 × 11 Rs. 172 each?
= 319 172 x 11 = 1892
MULTIPLICATION (multiplying two-digit numbers
with the same 1st digit, and 2nd digits sum to 10):

83 x 87 = ?
8 x 9 = 72 3 x 7 = 21

7221

Can you solve this problem in 5 sec?

The answer begins the same way that it did before,
1. The first digit multiplied by the next higher digit
(Here Both numbers begin with 8)
2. followed by the product of the second digits (the
last digits sum to 3 + 7 =10).
Now you try……….

84 x 86
8 x 9 = 72 4 x 6 = 24

7224

Both numbers begin with 8,

and the last digits sum to 6 + 4 =10.
Practice Questions:
1. 21 × 29 7. 62 × 68
= 609 = 4216
2. 22 × 28 8. 63 × 67
= 616 = 4221
3. 23 × 27 9. 64 × 66
= 621 = 4224
4. 24 × 26 10. How much money
= 624 you should have if
you have to give
5. 25 × 25
Rs. 53 to 57 people?
= 625
57 x 53 = 3021
6. 61 × 69
= 4209
Multiplication of numbers below a base 100:

-12 -3
88 x 97
88-3 = 85 12 x 3 = 36

8536

Can you solve this problem in 5 sec?

88 is 12 below 100, and 97 is 3 below it. The deficiencies
(12 and 3) have been written above the numbers, the
minus signs indicating that the numbers are below 100.
The answer 8536 is in two parts: 85 and 36.
The 85 is found by taking one of the deficiencies from the
other number and the 36 is simply the product of the
deficiencies.
Now you try……..

-7 -4
93 x 96
93-4 = 89 7 x 4 = 28

8928

93 is 7 below 100, and 96 is 4 below it. The

deficiencies (7 and 4) have been written above the
numbers.
The answer 8928 is in two parts: 89 and 28.
The 89 is found by taking one of the deficiencies
from the other number
and the 28 is simply the product of the deficiencies.
Let’s try another one for practice……..

-2 -3
98 x 97
98-3 = 95 2 x 3 = 06

9506

Note the zero inserted here: the numbers

being multiplied are near to 100, so two digits
are required on the right-hand part of the
answer.
 Try another one with carry over number:

89 x 89
89-11 = 78 11 x 11 = 121

7821 with carry 1 = 7921

Here the numbers are each 11 below 100, and 11

× 11 = 121, a 3-figure number. The hundreds digit
of this is therefore carried over to the left.
Subtract from a base number like 10, 100, 1000 etc

100 1000 10000 1000000

-57 -678 -4569 -724519
43 322 5431 275481

If you have seen the Fun with Figures, you will

have seen the really easy way to subtract from
a base number like 10, 100, 1000 etc.
“All from 9 and the Last from 10”
Multiplication of numbers below a base 1000 :

-124 -2
876x 998
876-2 = 874 124 x 2 = 248

874248

876 is 124 below 1000, and 998 is 2 below it. The

deficiencies (124 and 2) have been written above the
numbers.
The 876 is found by taking one of the deficiencies
from the other number
and the 248 is simply the product of the deficiencies.
Here is your answer 876248.
Similarly, Multiplication of numbers below a
base 1000,000 :
-210211 -3
789789 x 999997
789789 - 3 = 789786 210211 x 3 = 610633

789786630633

Wow!!
Looks Great!
Practice Questions:
1. 94× 98 9. 87 × 90
= 7830
= 9212
10. 888 × 998
2. 97 × 89 = 886224
= 8633 11. 767 × 998
3. 87 × 99 = 765466
= 8613 12. 8888 × 9996
4. 89 × 98 = 88844448
13. You have ordered food for
= 8722 83 people @ Rs. 95 per
5. 87 × 95 head what bill you have to
= 8265 pay? If you give Rs.10,000
than what balance amount
6. 88 × 96 to be returned?
=8448 83 x 95 =7885 (2115)
7. 88 × 88 14. In a library, if there are 87
= 7744 books in 99 shelves than
how many total books are
8. 97 × 97 there?
= 9409 87 x 99 = 8613
DIVISION & CONQURE
 Division by 9

24 ÷ 9 = ?

24 ÷ 9 = 2 remainder 6

Can you solve this problem in 3 sec?

The first figure of 24 is 2, and this is the
quotient.
The remainder is just 2 and 4 added up!
Similarly:

42 ÷ 9 = ?

42 ÷ 9 = 4 remainder 6

The first figure of 42 is 4, and which is the

quotient.
The remainder is just 4 and 2 added up!
Now try this one:

133 ÷ 9 = ?

133 ÷ 9 = 14 remainder 7

The answer consists of 1,4 and 7.

1 is just the first figure of 133.
4 is the total of the first two figures 1+3=4
and 7 is the total of all three figures 1+
3 + 3 = 7.
Division of longer numbers:

2301 ÷ 9 = ?

2301 ÷ 9 = 255 remainder 6

The answer consists of 2,5,5 and 7.

2 is just the first figure of 2301.
5 is the total of the first two figures 2+3=5
and next 5 is the total of the first three figures
2+3+0=5
and 6 is the total of all three figures 2+3+1+1 = 6.
SQUARING & SQUARE
ROOTS
 SQUARING
(when the number ends in 5)
352
3 x 4 = 12 5 x 5 = 25

1225

Can you solve this problem in 5 sec?

To square a two-digit number that ends in 5, you
need to remember only two things.
1. The answer begins by multiplying the first digit
by the next higher digit (here first digit 3 to
next higher digit 4).
2. The answer ends in 25.
Now you try……….

852
8 x 9 = 72 5 x 5 = 25

7225

Since 8 x 9 = 72,
we immediately get
85 x85 = 7225
What about……….

3052
30 x 31 = 930 5 x 5 = 25

93025

Since 30 x 310 = 930,

we immediately get
305 x 305 = 93025
Squaring numbers that are close to a base number (base numbers
are 10, 100, etc.):

962
96 – 4 = 92 4 2 = 16

962 = 9216

Can you solve this in 5 sec?

96 is obviously close to 100 and is 4 below it.
We therefore reduce the 96 by this number to get 92
as the first part of the answer.
To get the last part we just square the deficiency.
Similarly:

1072
107 + 7 = 114 7 2 = 49

1072 = 11449

107 is 7 over 100. increase 107 by another 7 to get 114.

Then 7 2 = 49
Similarly:

9932
993 - 7 = 986 7 2 = 049

9932 = 986049

Here the base is 1000 so we expect 3 figures in each

part of the answer.
The deficiency is 7, reduce 993 by 7 to get the 986,
and square 7 and put down 049.
SQUARE ROOTS OF PERFECT SQUARES:

√6889
6400 = 802 6889 = 8?2 8100 = 902

√6889 =832
Can you solve this in 5 sec?
First note that there are two groups of figures, 68’89, so we expect a 2-figure
answer. Next we use The First by the First and the Last by the Last. Looking
at the 68 at the beginning we can see that since 68 is greater than 64 (8²) and
less than 81 (9²) the first figure must be 8. So 6889 must be between 80 and
90. i.e. it must be eighty something.
Now we look at the last figure of 6889, which is 9. Any number ending with 3 will
end with 9 when it is squared so the number we are looking for could be 83. But
any number ending in 7 will also end in 9 when it is squared so the number could
also be 87. So is the answer 83 or 87? Since 852 = 7225 and 6889 is below this
√6889 must be below 85. So it must be 83.
Similarly:

√5776
4900 = 702 6889 = 7?2 6400 = 802

√6889 =732

There are two groups of figures, 57’76, so we expect a 2-figure

answer. Next we use The First by the First and the Last by the Last. Looking
at the 57 at the beginning we can see that since 57 is greater than 49 (7²) and
less than 64 (8²) the first figure must be 7. So 5776 must be between 70 and
80. i.e. it must be seven something.
Now we look at the last figure, which is 6. Any number ending with 4 will
end with 6 when it is squared so the number we are looking for could be 74. But
any number ending in 6 will also end in 6 when it is squared so the number could
also be 76. So is the answer 74 or 76? Since 752 = 5625 and 5776 is above this
√5776 must be above 75. So it must be 76.