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Age Estimation

This document summarizes several methods for estimating age through examination of skeletal remains. Key indicators discussed include cranial suture closure patterns, shape of the mandibular angle, development of teeth, fusion of bones in the upper limbs like the humerus, ulna and radius, fusion of carpals in the wrist, fusion of the sternum, and bone mineral density in the femur. Reference sources on skeletal age estimation techniques used in forensic anthropology are also provided.

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Shivay Kumar
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94 views

Age Estimation

This document summarizes several methods for estimating age through examination of skeletal remains. Key indicators discussed include cranial suture closure patterns, shape of the mandibular angle, development of teeth, fusion of bones in the upper limbs like the humerus, ulna and radius, fusion of carpals in the wrist, fusion of the sternum, and bone mineral density in the femur. Reference sources on skeletal age estimation techniques used in forensic anthropology are also provided.

Uploaded by

Shivay Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AGE ESTIMATION

THROUGH SKELETON

PRESENTED BY - PRESENTED TO-


SHIVAY Dr. BHUVNESH YADAV
MSc. FORENSIC
A51601120019
INTRODUCTION
Age estimation is an important factor in biological identification in many
forensic fields, such as forensic odontology, forensic medicine, forensic
anthropology, and forensic osteology.
Age estimation assists in narrowing the search possibilities for unidentified
deceased or living individuals for legal purposes.
Additionally, age estimation helps determine the age of perpetrators and
their subsequent penalty for criminal liability, particularly in young people.
A. FROM SKULL
CRANIAL SUTURES
This process begins in the third and
fourth decades of life and the sutures
varies markedly from individual to
individual.

From 25 years- Coronal, Sagittal,


lambdoid sutures start closing
• 32 – 35yrs - Sagittal
• 40yrs - Coronal
• 45yrs - Lambdoid
• 60yrs - Squamous portion of
temporal bone fuses with parietal
bone. Skull sutures
(a) Open, with no evidence of bony
bridging across the suture.

(b) Minimal closure, indicated by


any evidence of bony bridging up to
50% closure.

(c) Significant closure, indicated by


evidence of bony bridging of greater
than 50%.

(d) Obliteration, with no trace


remaining of the suture margins
MANDIBULAR ANGLE
( in degrees)
Infancy- 160 – 175
1 – 3years - 150 - 160
6 – 12years - 125 - 140
15-17years - 120 - 130
18-21years - 90-125
30-40years - 95-115
mandibular angles
> 40 year - obtuse angle
FROM TEETHS

primary dentation permanent dentation


B. FROM UPPER LIMB EXAMINATION

HUMEROUS BONE

>19 years (united head of humerus) <19 (not united head of humerus with the body)
The humerus units and conforms a final stage of Ossification gets competed by the age of 13 but the
ossified head. humerus head is not attached to the body
completely
ULNA AND RADIUS BONE

>20-21years ( closed lower ends of radius and ulna) < 20-21 ( non united lower ends of radius and ulna)
The lower ends of radius and ulna are compactly The radius and ulnar lower ends are not united and
joined and attached has a gap between them
CARPELS

Less than18 more than18


The carpels are not completely fused The carpels are completely fused and united
C. FROM STERNUM

60 y
Partial fusion of the sternebrae
25 y
sternebrae
20 y

15 y

40 y

Complete fusion of manubrium with body


D.FROM FEMUR

Forensic researchers at North Carolina State


University have found a more accurate way to
assess an individual’s age at death, based on
the bone mineral density of the femur. The
technique could be used to help identify
human remains.

femur bone

Bone mineral content and density increase as


we grow, then decline at a fairly steady rate
once we reach adulthood – making it a
potentially useful way of assessing age.
REFERENCES
• Priya E. Methods of skeletal age estimation used by forensic anthropologists in adults: a review.
Forensic Res Criminol Int J. 2017;4(2):41-51. DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2017.04.00104
• Saunders SR, Fitzgerald C, Rogers T, et al. A test of several methods of skeletal age estimation
using a documented archaeological sample. Can Soc Forensic Sci. 1992;25(2):97–118.
• Age estimation in forensic odontologyodontology maninder kaur ,world journal of pharmaceutical
And medical research2016,2(5), 260-265.
• Age estimation: a dental approach shamim t, jpafmat, 2006; 6. Issn 0972-5687

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