Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Course No: EEE 3125
Course Title: Electrical Installation in Building
Credits: 2.00

Course Teacher
Arefin Ahamed Shuvo
Lecturer
Dept. of EEE, KUET, Khulna-9203, BD
 Internal Wiring
Systems and Lamp
Circuits
What is Electrical Wiring?
Electrical Wiring is a process of connecting cables and wires to the
related devices such as fuse, switches, sockets, lights, fans etc. to the
main distribution board is a specific structure to the utility pole for
continues power supply.
 The fundamentals of wiring systems are-

• The switchgears and switches should be connected on

the live wire or the phase.

• The fuses should be placed on the live wire or the phase

Wiring otherwise the whole purpose of safety will be defeated.

System The lamp or electric components will get the electric

current even after the fuse has blown.

• All the lamps and appliances should be connected in

parallel to enable all of them to get nearly equal voltage
and to avoid excessive voltage drops.
 The fundamentals of wiring systems can be

accomplished by the following systems:

Wiring • Tree system

System • Looping-in system

• Ring system
Joint Box or Tree
or Jointing System
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These
joints are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts.
This method of wiring doesn’t consume too much cables size.

You might think because this method of wiring doesn’t require too much cable it is
therefore cheaper. It is of course but the money you saved from buying cables will
be used in buying joint boxes, thus equation is balanced. This method is suitable for
temporary installations and it is cheap.
Loop-in or
Looping System
This method of wiring is universally used. Lamps and other appliances are connected
in parallel so that each of the appliances can be controlled individually. When a
connection is required at a light or switch, the feed conductor is looped in by
bringing it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward again to the next
point to be fed.
The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from one
point to another until the last on the circuit is reached. The phase or line conductors
are looped either in switchboard or box and neutrals are looped either in switch-
board or from light or fan. Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.
Advantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring
1. It doesn’t require joint boxes and so money is saved
2. In loop – in systems, no joint is concealed beneath floors or in roof spaces.
3. Fault location is made easy as the points are made only at outlets so that
they are accessible
Disadvantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring
4. Length of wire or cables required is more and voltage drop, and copper
losses are therefore more
5. Looping – in switches and lamp holders is usually difficult
Ring system
It consists of a ring-circuit. Wires starting from the main fuse-box run around all the main
rooms of the house and then come back to the fuse-box again. The fuse-box
contains a fuse of rating about 30A. A separate connection is taken from the live wire of the ring
for each appliance. The terminal of the appliance is connected to the live wire through a sepa-
rate fuse and a switch. If the fuse of one appliance burns, it does not affect the other appli-
ances. For each appliance, the wires used for connection should
be of proper current carrying capacity.
Estimating and
Conductor Size
Calculations
Current Ratings and Voltage drop for vulcanised rubber PVC lead sheathed single
core aluminum wires
Size of conductor 2 cables dc or Single-phase ac

Normal Area Sq. mm Number and Current Rating in Approx. length of

diameter of wire in Amps run for voltage
mm drop in meters

1.5 1/1.40 10 2.9

2.5 1/1.80 15 3.6
4 1/2.24 20 3.9
6 1/2.80 27 4.3
10 1/3.55 34 5.4
16 7/1.70 43 7.0
25 7/2.24 59 8.5
35 7/2.50 69 9.3
50 7/3.0 91 10.1
Maximum Permissible Voltage Drops

Maximum Permissible Voltage Drop = 2% of the supply Voltage+ 1 Volt

If Supply voltage is 220 V, then

Maximum Permissible Voltage Drop = (2% of 220 V+ 1 )Volt

=V
= 5.4 V
Voltage Drop of Wire from table

For 1/2.80 mm wire, Given,

Approx. length of run for voltage drop in meters = 4.3

Which means,

After 4.3 meters run the wire has a voltage drop of 1 Volt
 Example 1: The main circuit in a house is required to carry a current of 45
amperes When connected to single phase a.c. supply. Determine the size of
wire if the length Of the circuit is 40 metres.
 Load Current to be taken by Cable
Load factor =
Rated Current of Cable given in the table
For Electrical wiring installation in a building, Total load is 4.5kW and
total length of cable from energy meter to sub circuit distribution board is
35 feet. Supply voltages are 220V and temperature is 40°C (104°F).
Find the most suitable size of cable from energy meter to sub circuit if
wiring is installed in conduits.
Table 1
Table 3
Table 4
Table 1
Fluorescent Tube Light
A fluorescent lamp or a fluorescent
tube is a low-pressure gas-discharge
lamp that uses fluorescence to produce
visible light
Lamp Equipment:
1. Fluorescent Tube
2. Ballast
3. Starter
4. Holder, wire etc.
The starter is like a key of fluorescent light because it is used to light up the tube. When we
connect the AC supply voltage to the circuit, then the starter act like short circuited and current
flow through those filament (located at the first and second end of the tube light) and the filament
generate heat and it ionized the gas (mercury vapor) in the fluorescent tube lamp. So the gas
becomes electrically conductive medium. At the same time when the starter opened the circuit
path of two filaments from series connected, then the ballast release its stored voltage. And it
makes the fluorescent tube fully lighten. Now the starter has no job in the circuit, if you open it
from the circuit the fluorescent tube light will be still lighten, until you release the main supply.
Ballast and its activities:
A ballast serves two functions:
1. Provide the starting kick.
2. Limit the current to the proper value for the tube are being using.