Scribd
Upload
65 views23 pages

Light Dependent Reactions

1. Photosynthesis begins with light absorption by pigments in Photosystem II, which passes electrons to the electron transport chain. As electrons are lost from chlorophyll, water is split to provide replacement electrons while releasing oxygen. 2. Electrons move through the electron transport chain, powering H+ pumping across the thylakoid membrane. In Photosystem I, light energy reenergizes electrons that are picked up by NADP+ to form NADPH. 3. The H+ gradient across the thylakoid membrane, created by electron transport and water splitting, drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase as H+ diffuses back through the membrane.

Uploaded by

Eri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
65 views23 pages

Light Dependent Reactions

1. Photosynthesis begins with light absorption by pigments in Photosystem II, which passes electrons to the electron transport chain. As electrons are lost from chlorophyll, water is split to provide replacement electrons while releasing oxygen. 2. Electrons move through the electron transport chain, powering H+ pumping across the thylakoid membrane. In Photosystem I, light energy reenergizes electrons that are picked up by NADP+ to form NADPH. 3. The H+ gradient across the thylakoid membrane, created by electron transport and water splitting, drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase as H+ diffuses back through the membrane.

Uploaded by

Eri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

1

The Electron Flow


Through Light Reaction
DEFINE ME!
NON-CYCLIC CYCLIC
LIGHT REACTIONS
ELECTRON FLOW ELECTRON FLOW

PLASTOQUINONE
PLASTOCYANIN (Pc) ATP
(Pq)

PHOTOSYSTEM FERREDOXIN NADP+

NADPH CHEMIOSMOSIS
The Electron Flow
through
Light Reaction
- A part or one of the
two stages in
photosynthesis
Light Reaction
use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of
photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced
electron carrier NADPH. In plants, the light reactions take place in the
thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts.
HOW DOES ELECTRON FLOW
IN LIGHT REACTION?
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

• The photosynthetic electron transport chain consists of photosystem II, the cytochrome b6f complex,
photosystem I, and the free electron carriers plastoquinone and plastocyanin.
• The electron transport chain is a series of molecules that accept or donate electrons easily. By moving
step-by-step through these, electrons are moved in a specific direction across a membrane. The
movement of hydrogen ions are coupled with this. This means that when electrons are moved, hydrogen
ions move too.
PHOTOSYSTEMS
• These are large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-
absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light, play a
key role in the light reactions. There are two types of
photosystems: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII).
• PSII comes first in the path of electron flow, but it is named as
second because it was discovered after PSI.
• Here are some of the key differences between the photosystems:
• Special pairs. The chlorophyll a special pairs of the two photosystems
absorb different wavelengths of light. The PSII special pair absorbs best
at 680 nm, while the PSI special absorbs best at 700 nm. Because of this,
the special pairs are called P680 and P700, respectively.
• Primary acceptor. The special pair of each photosystem passes
electrons to a different primary acceptor. The primary electron acceptor
of PSII is pheophytin, an organic molecule that resembles chlorophyll,
while the primary electron acceptor of PSI is a chlorophyll called A₀.
• Source of electrons. Once an electron is lost, each photosystem is
replenished by electrons from a different source. The PSII reaction
center gets electrons from water, while the PSI reaction center is
replenished by electrons that flow down an electron transport chain
from PSII.
During the light reactions there are two
possible pathways for the electron to
flow…..

1.LINEAR (NON-CYCLIC) ELECTRON


FLOW OR LINEAR (NON-CYCLIC)
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

2.CYLIC ELECTRON FLOW OR CYCLIC


PHOTOPHOSPORYTION
LINEAR PHOSPHORYLATION
1. The special pair of PSII absorbs energy.
2. The special pair then enters an excited (high-energy) state then
pass the electron to the pheophytin.
3. The electron will be passed on through the first leg of the
photosynthetic electron transport chain in a series of redox, or
electron transfer, reactions.
Leaves Pq Cyt Pc
PSII

4. Once an electron has gone down the first leg of the electron
transport chain, it arrives at PSI, where it joins the
chlorophyll a special pair called P700.
5. Excited P700 is a very good electron donor, and it sends its
electron down a short electron transport chain
Electron
NADP+ Calvin
Fd carrier
reductase Cycle
NADP+
CYCLIC PHOSPHORYLATION
After leaving PSI, cyclically flowing electrons travel
back to the cytochrome complex (Cyt) or plastoquinone
(Pq) in the first leg of the electron transport chain. The
electrons then flow down the chain to PSI as usual,
driving proton pumping and the production of ATP. The
cyclic pathway does not make NADPH, since electrons
are routed away from NADP+, reductase.
A. Photosynthesis begins when pigments in photosystem II absorb
light. The first photosystem in the light-dependent reaction is
called photosystem II because it was discovered after
photosystem I. Energy from the light is absorbed by electrons,
increasing their energy level. These high-energy electrons are
passed on to the electron transport chain.
As light continues to shine, does the chlorophyll run out of electrons?
No, it does not. The thylakoid membrane contains a system that
provides new electrons to chlorophyll to replace the ones it has lost.
The new electrons come from water molecules (H2O). Enzymes on
the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane break up each water
molecule into 2 electrons, 2H+ ions , and 1 oxygen atom. The 2
electrons replace the high energy electrons that chlorophyll has lost
to the electron transport chain. The oxygen is eventually released into
the air as oxygen gas (O2). The 2 H+ ions are released inside the
thylakoid membrane.
B. High-energy electrons move through the electron
transport chain from photosystem II to photosystem I.
Energy from the electrons is used by the molecules in the
electron transport chain to transport H+ ions from the
stroma into the inner thylakoid.

C. Pigments in photosystem I use energy from light to


reenergize the electrons. NADP+ then picks up these high-
energy electrons at the outer surface of the thylakoid
membrane, plus a H+ ion , and becomes NADPH.
D. As a result of the H+ ions released during water-splitting
and electron transport, the inside of the thylakoid
membrane becomes positively charged and the outside
becomes negatively charged. The difference in charges
across the membrane provides the energy to make ATP.

E. H+ ions cannot cross the membrane directly. However,


the membrane contains a protein called ATP Synthase that
allows H+ ions to pass through it. As H+ ions pass through
this protein, the protein rotates like a turbine being spun by
water in hydroelectric powerplant. As it rotates, ATP
synthase binds ADP and a phosphate group together to
produce ATP.
Thank you for
listening 
Prepared by:

Mrs. Pamela Luisa Pua-Veloso


Subject Teacher

You might also like