Thinking,

Reasoning &
Problem Solving
Introduction

Thinking is a complex mental activity.

It is symbolic in character, initiated by
a problem, which the individual is
facing, involves the response of the
individual to this problem.
Definitions
• Thinking is behavior, which is often implicit
and hidden and in which symbols (images,
ideas and concepts) are ordinarily employed.
(Garrett—1968)

• Thinking is a problem solving process, in

which we use ideas or symbols in places of
overt activity.
(Gilmer—1970)
 Characteristics of thinking
• Thinking is an essentially a cognitive activity.
• Thinking is described as a problem solving behavior as it initiated
with some problems to be solved in day to day behavior
• Thinking involve fine muscle movement in throat and laryngeal
region.
• Thinking is implicit behavior that cannot be observed by others.
• Thinking is a mental exploration of solution to problems.
• Thinking is a symbolic activity. In thinking solutions to problems
are derived through mental images, signs and symbols.
• Thinking can shift instantaneously over a span of time and space
 Elements of thinking

01. Images 04. Language

02. Concepts 05. Muscle activities

03. Symbols and signs 06. Brain Function

CONCRETE THINKING

TYPES OF
ABSTRACT THINKING THINKING

NONDIRECTED OR
ASSOCIATED THINKING
LEVELS OF THINKING
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
JEAN PIAGET
 Thinking in Relation to Language and Communication
• Language is the means by which we express our thoughts to others either in verbal or
written forms.
• Language like thought is directed to some purpose or goal.
• Language is extremely important in the process of thinking

• The use of language, i.e. the communication of information through symbols arranged
according to systematic rules, clearly is an important cognitive ability, one that is
indispensable for communicating with others.
• Language provides us with categories that we use to construct our view of people and events
in the world around us. Consequently language shapes and produces thought
WHOA!
It could be the part of the presentation where
you can introduce yourself, write your email...
“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired”
—SOMEONE FAMOUS
 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than our
OUR COMPANY Moon. The planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal since it was
named after the Roman messenger god,
Mercury
 MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet
MAYBE YOU to the Sun and the smallest one

NEED TO
DIVIDE THE
VENUS
CONTENT Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
02. SERVICES
This is the subtitle that makes it
comprehensible
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
 WHAT ABOUT FOUR COLUMNS?

JUPITER MERCURY
Jupiter is a gas giant and also Mercury is the closest planet to
the biggest planet in our Solar the Sun and is a bit larger than
System our moon

VENUS MARS
Venus has a beautiful name, but Despite being red, Mars is a
it’s terribly hot, even hotter cold place, not hot. It’s full of
than Mercury iron oxide dust
AWESOME
WORDS
Because key words are great for catching your
audience’s attention
 SOMETIMES, REVIEWING
CONCEPTS IS A GOOD IDEA

MERCURY VENUS MARS

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red,
planet name Mars is a cold place

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is the ringed Neptune is the farthest
planet one and a gas giant planet
MARKET TRENDS

MARS
JUPITER
VENUS

If you want to modify

this graph, click on it,
follow the link, change
the data and replace it
PERCENTAGES OF SALES GROWTH

40% 55% 25%

VENUS MERCURY MARS

Venus has a Mercury is the Mars is actually a
beautiful name closest planet cold place
INFOGRAPHICS MAKE YOUR IDEA
UNDERSTANDABLE...

VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name
MERCURY
Mercury is the
closest planet
MARS
Mars is actually a
cold place
...AND THE SAME GOES FOR TABLES

MARS 4,59 3,15 0,02

VENUS 2,45 6,53 0,05

JUPITER 2,35 4,56 0,03

 IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY

COSTS
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the
second one
PRODUCTION
Mercury is the
closest planet to the
Sun CUSTOMERS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
full of iron
 THE STATISTICS

MARS
JUPITER
VENUS

If you want to modify

this graph, click on it,
follow the link, change
the data and replace it
 THIS IS A MAP

SATURN
Saturn is composed of JUPITER
hydrogen
Jupiter is the biggest
planet

MARS
Despite being red, 75%
Mars is a cold place 65%
85%
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS FINE

Mercury is the Saturn is the

closest planet ringed one

STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4

Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is the

planet farthest planet
 CALENDAR INFOGRAPHICS

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH
 INFOGRAPHICS

Mercury is the Saturn is the

closest planet ringed one

Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is the

planet farthest planet
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
is the distance between the Earth and the Moon
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OUR TEAM
JOHN JAMES

You can replace the

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JENNA DOE
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TABLET APP
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 Does anyone have any questions?

[email protected]
+91 620 421 838

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 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

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JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

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