APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

MACHINE LEARNING (21CSH-286)

Faculty: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan (E13038)

Lecture - 1
Definition and Classification of Machine DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
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Learning algorithms
Machine Learning: Course Objectives
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The Course aims to:
1. Understand and apply various data handling and visualization techniques.
2. Understand about some basic learning algorithms and techniques and their applications, as well as
general questions related to analysing and handling large data sets.
3. To develop skills of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques and implementation of these to
solve real life problems.
4. To develop basic knowledge on the machine techniques to build an intellectual machine for making
decisions behalf of humans.
5. To develop skills for selecting suitable model parameters and apply them for designing optimized
machine learning applications.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-

Understand machine learning techniques and computing environment that are suitable
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for the applications under consideration.

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 Unit-1 Syllabus
Unit-1 Introduction to Machine Learning
Introduction to Definition of Machine Learning, Working principles of Machine
Machine Learning Learning; Classification of Machine Learning algorithms: Supervised
Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Semi-
Supervised Learning; Applications of Machine Learning.
Data Pre- Data Sourcing and Cleaning, Handling Missing data, Encoding
Processing and Categorical data, Feature Scaling, Handling Time Series data; Feature
Feature Selection techniques, Data Transformation, Normalization,
Extraction Dimensionality reduction
Data Visualization Data Frame Basics, Different types of analysis, Different types of
plots, Plotting fundamentals using Matplotlib, Plotting Data
Distributions using Seaborn.

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SUGGESTIVE READINGS
• TEXT BOOKS:
• There is no single textbook covering the material presented in this course. Here is a list of books
recommended for further reading in connection with the material presented:
• T1: Tom.M.Mitchell, “Machine Learning, McGraw Hill International Edition”.
• T2: Ethern Alpaydin,” Introduction to Machine Learning. Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice Hall of
India, 2005”.
• T3: Andreas C. Miller, Sarah Guido, Introduction to Machine Learning with Python, O’REILLY (2001).

• REFERENCE BOOKS:
• R1 Sebastian Raschka, Vahid Mirjalili, Python Machine Learning, (2014)
• R2 Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, David G. Stork, “Pattern Classification, Wiley, 2nd Edition”.
• R3 Christopher Bishop, “Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, illustrated Edition, Springer, 2006”.

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Index
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• History
• Machine Learning(ML)
• Deep Learning (DL)
• Best Programming Language for Machine Learning
• Machine Learning in our daily life

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 6

Artificial Intelligence
• Intelligence is an inherent part of human brain.

• When we try to replicate this intelligence in machines then it is called

Artificial Intelligence(AI).

• AI is making a new revolution in the world by making intelligent

machines.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 7

AI Definition
• “It is a branch of computer science by which we can
create intelligent machines which can behave like a
human, think like humans, and able to make
decisions.”

• Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based

skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 8

Disciplines associated with AI

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 9

Subdomains of AI

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 10

History of AI

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 11

Evolution of Artificial Intelligence (1943-
1952)
• Year 1943: The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren
McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed a model of artificial neurons.

• Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the
connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.

• Year 1950: The Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered
Machine learning in 1950. Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and
Intelligence" in which he proposed a test. The test can check the machine's
ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence, called a
Turing test.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 12

The birth of Artificial Intelligence (1952-
1956)
• Year 1955: An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the "first
artificial intelligence program "Which was named as "Logic Theorist".
This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems, and find
new and more elegant proofs for some theorems.

• Year 1956: The word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American

Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. For
the first time, AI coined as an academic field.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 13

The golden years-Early enthusiasm (1956-
1974)
• Year 1966: The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which
can solve mathematical problems. Joseph Weizenbaum created the
first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA.

• Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan
which was named as WABOT-1.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 14

The first AI winter (1974-1980)
• The duration between years 1974 to 1980 was the first AI winter
duration.

• AI winter refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt

with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches.

• During AI winters, an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was

decreased.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 15

A boom of AI (1980-1987)
• Year 1980: After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert
System".

• Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making

ability of a human expert.

• In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the American

Association of Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 16

The second AI winter (1987-1993)
• The duration between the years 1987 to 1993 was the second AI
Winter duration.

• Again Investors and government stopped in funding for AI research as

due to high cost but not efficient result.

• The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 17

The emergence of intelligent agents (1993-
2011)
• Year 1997: In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess
champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a
world chess champion.

• Year 2002: for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of
Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.

• Year 2006: AI came in the Business world till the year 2006.
Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 18

Deep learning, big data and artificial general
intelligence (2011-present)
• Year 2011: In the year 2011, IBM's Watson won jeopardy, a quiz show,
where it had to solve the complex questions as well as riddles. Watson
had proved that it could understand natural language and can solve
tricky questions quickly.

• Year 2012: Google has launched an Android app feature "Google now",
which was able to provide information to the user as a prediction.

• Year 2014: In the year 2014, Chatbot "Eugene Goostman" won a

competition in the infamous "Turing test."
By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 19
Deep learning, big data and artificial general
intelligence (2011-present)
• Year 2018: The "Project Debater" from IBM debated on complex
topics with two master debaters and also performed extremely well.

• Google has demonstrated an AI program "Duplex" which was a virtual

assistant and which had taken hairdresser appointment on call, and
lady on other side didn't notice that she was talking with the
machine.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 20

AI (Now)
• Now AI has developed to a remarkable level.

• The concept of AI, ML, Deep learning, big data, and data science are now
trending like a boom.

• Nowadays companies like Google, Facebook, IBM, and Amazon are

working with AI and creating amazing devices.

• The future of Artificial Intelligence is inspiring and will come with high
intelligence.
By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 21
Machine Learning
• Machine Learning is a part of Artificial Intelligence which can make
predictions using pattern and trends recognition in data.

• The ML algorithms have self-learning capabilities and do not require

human interference for error calculation.

• ML algorithms adapt themselves on their own and learn from the

previous data to show results for the new data fed into the system
and also identify the hidden trends and patterns in the data.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 22

Deep Learning
• Deep Learning is a part of Machine Learning.

• Deep learning generally is a neural network with 3 or more layers.

• Neural network is an attempt to simulate the behavior of human brain,

allowing it to learn from large amounts of data.

• Deep learning requires large data and thus provide high accuracy. E.g.
Virtual Assistant, Autonomous Cars, Chat bots and Face Recognition etc.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 23

What is the Best Programming Language for
Machine Learning?
• Python

• 60% programmers still prefer Python because of the numerous

libraries it supports.

• Alternatively, Matlab, C++, Java, R and Javascript can also be used.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 24

Machine Learning in our daily life
• Google Maps for showing the correct path with the shortest route
and predicts the traffic conditions.

• Google assistant for looking for a particular information.

• Alexa (Amazon)

• Online cab service price recommendations

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 25

Machine Learning in our daily life
• Product recommendations on shopping sites like Amazon, Flipcart etc.

• Email Spam and Malware Filtering

• Automatic Language Translation

• Automatic friend tagging suggestion on Facebook etc.

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 26

Summary
• AI
• History
• Subdomains
• Programming Language
• ML in our daily life

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Task
• Compare and discriminate between AI, ML and Deep Learning (BT-
Level5).

By: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan 28

REFERENCES
• https://www.javatpoint.com/machine-learning

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/machine_learning/index.htm

• https://
www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/machine-learning-tutorial/what-is-ma
chine-learning?source=sl_frs_nav_playlist_video_clicked

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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