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Digestive System

The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs that work together to break down food into nutrients that the body can use. Major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The digestive system uses both mechanical and chemical processes to break down food, with mechanical digestion involving physical breakdown of food and chemical digestion using enzymes to further break down molecules.

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8 views

Digestive System

The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs that work together to break down food into nutrients that the body can use. Major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The digestive system uses both mechanical and chemical processes to break down food, with mechanical digestion involving physical breakdown of food and chemical digestion using enzymes to further break down molecules.

Uploaded by

dsagnik29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digestive System

The digestive system is a group of organs


working together to turn food into
nutrients, which the body uses for energy,
growth, and cell repair.

Do you recognize any major


organs in the diagram above?
Mouth
• The beginning of the digestive tract
• Digestion starts with your first bite.
• Chewing breaks the food into smaller
Give one example of mechanical pieces. (mechanical/physical change)
digestion that take place in the mouth.
(Hint: mechanical/physical change.) • Glands secrete saliva that has enzymes
which mixes with food to begin the process
of breaking it down. (chemical change)

Give one example of chemical digestion


that take place in the mouth. (Hint:
chemical change.)
Throat or Pharynx
• The passage that leads from the cavities of
the nose and mouth to the larynx and
esophagus.
• Both food and air pass through here, so it’s
The epiglottis acts as a switch to
part of the respiratory and digestive route food to the esophagus and
systems. air to the larynx and trachea.

• Made up of 3 parts
What other system does the
throat and pharynx work with?
Esophagus
• Muscular tube connecting the throat to the
stomach
• Approximately 10” long
• Secretes mucus
As food moves down the esophagus, • Moves food from the throat to the stomach
it changes shape and size. Would using muscle movement (peristalsis).
this be classified as mechanical or
physical digestion? (Hint: Would this
be an example of a physical or
chemical change?)
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular sac-like organ that stores
food and grinds and mixes it into a liquid
• About the size of two fists next to each other
• Contains hydrochloric acid and digestive
enzymes that continue the digestion of food
When food ends up in the stomach, it
• Acid in the stomach kills bacteria meets hydrochloric acid and digestive
enzymes. Would this be an example of
mechanical or chemical digestion?
(Hint: Would this be an example of a
physical or chemical change?)
Small Intestine
• Long tube about 1” in diameter and 20’
long
• Lining of intestine walls have finger-like
projections called villi, to increase surface
area for absorption
• Nutrients are absorbed into the
bloodstream through the small intestine
What does the small intestine
absorb into the bloodstream?
walls.
• Leftover waste continues through to the
large intestine.
Large Intestine (Colon)
• Long, thick tube about 2 1/2 “ in diameter
and about 5 feet long
• Absorbs water and nutrients the small
intestines don’t absorb
• Processes waste so that defecation
(excretion of waste) is easy and convenient
What does the large intestine
absorb?
Rectum
• The final function of the digestive system
• Receives stool from the colon
• Lets the person know stool needs to be
evacuated
• Holds stool until evacuation happens
Accessory Organs
Not part of the path of food, but play a
critical role in digestion
• Teeth – designed for cutting and grinding
food into smaller pieces
• Tongue – helps to push food toward the Teeth

back part of the mouth for swallowing


• Salivary Glands – moistens food and
begins digestion and also lubricates food as
it passes through the mouth, throat and
esophagus
Accessory Organs
• Liver – produces bile and secretes it into
the small intestine to aid digestion
• Gallbladder – stores and recycles excess
bile from the small intestine so that it can
be reused for digestion in later meals
• Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes
into the small intestine to complete the
chemical digestion of food.
Diseases of Digestive System
• Heartburn or acid reflux occurs when
stomach acid gets into the esophagus
• Celiac disease- sensitivity to gluten, which
damages your villi
• Crohn’s Disease – autoimmune disease
that affects the end of the small intestine
Diseases of Digestive System
• Ulcerative Colitis – Inflammatory bowel
disease (IBF)affects the large intestines
• Diverticulitis – Small pouches form where
there are weak spots in the lining of the
colon.
• Hemorrhoids – inflammation of the blood
vessels at the end of the digestive tract

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