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Gametogenesis Biotech

Gametogenesis is the process by which germ cells are produced through meiosis. It includes spermatogenesis, the production of sperm in males, and oogenesis, the production of eggs in females. Spermatogenesis involves multiple mitotic divisions of spermatogonia followed by two meiotic divisions to produce haploid spermatids that develop into sperm. Oogenesis involves one round of mitosis followed by arrest of the first meiotic division until puberty, then the completion of the two meiotic divisions to form a haploid ovum and polar bodies if fertilization occurs.

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43 views16 pages

Gametogenesis Biotech

Gametogenesis is the process by which germ cells are produced through meiosis. It includes spermatogenesis, the production of sperm in males, and oogenesis, the production of eggs in females. Spermatogenesis involves multiple mitotic divisions of spermatogonia followed by two meiotic divisions to produce haploid spermatids that develop into sperm. Oogenesis involves one round of mitosis followed by arrest of the first meiotic division until puberty, then the completion of the two meiotic divisions to form a haploid ovum and polar bodies if fertilization occurs.

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nica onica
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Gametogenesis

• The creation of germ


cells or gametes
• Spermatogenesis
• Oogenesis
2N 2N

N N N N

N N N N N N N N
LT#2 MATH TIME
• Supposed there are 10 primary oocytes that underwent
meiosis, compute the following:
a. Number of secondary oocytes:
b. Number of mature ova:
c. Number of polar bodies:
Supposed there are 6 primary oocytes that underwent meiosis,
compute the following:
d. Number of secondary spermatocytes
e. Number of spermatids
f. Number of sperm cell
Gametogenesis involves the following steps:
1. Multiple mitotic divisions and cell growth of
reproductive cells. This explains why there are
numerous sperm cells produced.
2. Two meiotic divisions (Meiosis I and II) occurs to
produce haploid cells.
3. Haploid daughter cells undergo development for
them to become functional mature gametes.
Spermatogenesis
Refers to the production of
spermatozoa called sperm that occur
in the testes
• spermatogonium undergo
proliferation by mitosis and become
primary spermatocytes.
• During First meiotic division, primary
spermatocytes divides and become
secondary spermatocytes with only
half number of chromosome.
• Secondary spermatocytes
divide, cell division occurs
during meiosis II and form into
4 haploid (N) daughter cells
known as spermatids.
• Spermatids develop flagellum
or tail and becomes
spermatozoa or sperm.
The sperm
1. Nucleus (plural form nuclei) is found in
the head.
2. Mitochondrion (plural form
mitochondria) is at the middle piece that
connects the head to its tail
3. Acrosome is a cap-like structure which
develops on the head. It contains
digestive enzymes. These enzymes
penetrate the outer sheath of the ovum,
resulting to the merging of the sperm
and the ovum haploid nucleus.
Oogenesis
•Creation of gametes
called ova
•Happens inside the
ovaries among female
organisms.
• It begins when fetus is
inside a mother’s womb.
• The reproductive female cells
known as oogonium (plural
oogonia) undergoes mitosis
and cell growth until it is
ready to undergo meiosis and
becomes diploid primary
oocyte.
• The primary oocyte begins
Meiosis I but stops its
development in prophase I
until puberty, when a girl
begins her menstrual cycle.
• The primary oocyte divides
during the first meiotic
division and two haploid cells
of unequal size are formed.
• One of the cells receives the
complete parts of the
cytoplasm and forms a
secondary oocyte, the other
cell of smaller size, becomes a
polar body.
• secondary oocyte is released by
the rupture of the follicles of the
ovary during ovulation and move
into the fallopian tube.
• Divides again during the second
meiotic division, but its
development is arrested in
metaphase II.
• After fertilization is initiated, the
secondary oocyte completes its
second meiotic division, resulting
in the formation of a mature ovum
and another polar body.
• At this point, the ovum is ready to
fuse with the spermatozoan.
• The polar body may or may not
divide, and eventually degenerate
at the end of Meiosis II. The polar
bodies shed the excess haploid
sets of chromosomes.
• If fertilization occurs, the ovum is
stimulated to complete meiosis II.
It contains a lot of stored food
which is used by the growing
embryo at the start of its
development.
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis

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