7th

Grade

MEASUREM
ENT
 MEASUREM
01 ENT
(HISTORICAL BACKGROUND)
The ancient Egyptians were the first to devise units of
measurement.
Have you ever tried measuring
objects with your stretched
thumb and little finger?
You used an ancient Egyptian
unit of measurement.
 CUBIT

One cubit was the

distance from a man’s
elbow to the tip of the
middle finger.
CUBIT YARD

One yard is equivalent

to two cubits.
Ancient people also
measured objects using
other body parts.
 FOOT

At first, it was any

man’s foot; but later, it
became the length of a
specific foot, such as
the chief ruler’s (leader
of the group).
 STRIDE

A mile was a thousand

strides as defined by
the ancient Romans.
A stride was about five
Roman feet.
 INCH

Inch is equal to
the length of three
barleycorns.
They are using the a rope to survey the length of the land.
Today, clocks and watches
are used to measure time.
 HOURGLASS
An hourglass consists of
two glass bulbs connected
vertically by a narrow neck
that allows the flow of
sand from the upper glass
to the lower glass.
EGYPTIAN
BALANCE
They would place an
object on one pan, and
put a known standard
weight on the other
pan. They kept on
adding weights until
the two pans were
balanced.
 02
Units of
MEasuremen
t
 Metric System

01 Uses a decimal base

The metric system uses meter as the standard unit

02 of length, which is equal to 1/10 000 000 of the
distance from the North Pole to the equator.

Meter is defined as the distance traveled by light in

03 a vacuum within 1/299 792 458 of a second.
 English System

01 Length: inch, foot, yard, mile

02 Mass: ounce, pound

03 Volume: pint, gallon

 English System

04 It was named after its country of origin, England.

It is used by most people in the United States,

05 Canada, and countries that are members of the
Commonwealth Nations.
 International System of Units

01 SI (from the Frech Le Systѐme International d’ Unités)

This system is convenient to use because it is based

02 on multiples of 10. Each SI base unit can be
multiplied or divided by 10.
A prefix is added to the base unit to indicate how
03 many times the base unit is multiplied or divided by
10.
International System of Units
 SI Base Units
Base Quantity Unit Symbol

length meter m

mass kilogram kg

time second s

electric current ampere A

temperature kelvin K

amount of substance mole mol

luminous intensity candela cd

 Units in Everyday Life
Prefix Mass Example Length Example

(base unit) gram coin meter table

kilo kilogram bag of ice kilometer road

size of a grain
milli milligram human hair millimeter
of sand

mass of a Length of a
micro microgram micrometer
stamp bacterium

mass of a diameter of
nano nanogram nanometer
molecule an atom
 How do you
convert unit to
another?
Dimensional analysis, also
called factor-label method,
is used to convert
measurement from one unit
to another.
Dimensional Analysis
or Factor-label
Method
This method uses conversion
factors between different sets of
units.
Conversion factors
These are equivalent quantities
describing the same measurement.
1000 g = 1 kg
both values describe mass
 Sample Problem
1. One bag of sugar weighs 2.5 kg. Convert the mass
of sugar into grams and milligrams.

a.
1000 g
mass = 2.5 kg x
1 kg

mass = 2500 g
1
mass = 2500 g
 Sample Problem
1. One bag of sugar weighs 2.5 kg. Convert the mass
of sugar into grams and milligrams.

b.
1000 g 1000 mg
mass = 2.5 kg x x
1 kg 1g

mass = 2 500 000 mg

1
mass = 2 500 000 mg
 Sample Problem
2. The time registered in a digital watch is 5.60s.
Convert this time into microseconds and
nanoseconds.
a.
1 000 000 µs
time = 5.60 s x
1s

time = 5 600 000 µs

1
time = 5 600 000 µs
 Sample Problem
2. The time registered in a digital watch is 5.60s.
Convert this time into microseconds and
nanoseconds.
b. 1 000 000 000 ns
time = 5.60 s x
1s

time = 5 600 000 000 ns

1
time = 5 600 000 000 ns
 Sample Problem
3. The length of a piece of wood is 52 cm. Express
this length in meters and in kilometers.

a.
1m
length = 52 cm x
100 cm

length = 52 m
100
length = 0.52 m
 Sample Problem
3. The length of a piece of wood is 52 cm. Express
this length in meters and in kilometers.

b. k
1m 1
length = 52 cm x x m
100 cm 1000 m
k
length= 52
(100)m
(1000)
length = 52 km length = 0.000 52 km
100 000
 Sample Problem
4. The volume of a cube is 2.0 cm3. Find its volume
in m3.
1m x 1m x 1m
volume = 2.0 cm 3 x
100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm

volume = 2.0 m3
(100)(100)(100)

volume = 2.0 m3 volume = 0.000002 m3

1 000 000
 03
Significant Figures
Accuracy
Refers to how close a
measurement is to
the “true” value.
All measurements have a degree of
uncertainty, which is caused by the following
factors:

- limitation of the measuring device;

- skill of the person making the
measurement;
- irregularities in the object being
measured; and
- condition of the environment
 Significant figures
reflect the accuracy
of a measurement.
 Significant
04 Figures
(Guidelines in determining the number
of significant figures in measurement)
1. All nonzero digits are significant.
Examples:
12.3
units - three significant figures
35.46 units - four significant figures
91.599 units - five significant figures
2. Zeros between two significant digits are
significant.
Examples:

5.048 g - four significant figures

47 096 m - five significant figures
902 978 km - six significant figures
3. Zeros that precede the first nonzero digit
and indicate the location of the decimal
point are not significant.
Examples:

0.053 g - two significant figures

0.00132
m - three significant figures
0.091523 s - five significant figures
4. Zeros at the end of a number may or may
not be significant. Zeros at the end of a
number are significant if they are to the
right of the decimal point.
Examples:

0.6090 mL - four significant figures

2000 cm - one significant figures
3000.0 L - five significant figures
Seatwork no.
1
1. 738 g 6. 8.350
7. 0.730 m
2. 3.786 g m
3. 703 L 8. 4300 m
4. 4705 L 9. 62 979 km
5. 0.340 mL 10. 3.624 mL
 05
Analysis of
Data
Measurements
that describe
something are
called data.
Data can be used to
describe objects, events,
conditions, or changes
in objects.
Data acquired using measuring tools may be
qualitative or quantitative.

Quantitative Qualitative
- involves numerical - involves qualities or
quantities characteristics
- age, date, distance, - drawings or models,
weight, volume, time, descriptions of colors,
height textures, smells, tastes,
appearance
 06
Tables and Charts
Some observations are qualitative
in nature; that is, they are
documented observations that
deal with descriptions and can be
simplified by categorizing them
and presenting them in tables or
charts
Observe a burning candle and devise a way to
present your data using a table or chart.

Observation / Chemical
Physical Property
Classification Property
07 Graphs
Graphs can be used
to make predictions. y

x – axis (independent
variable)
x
y – axis (dependent
variable)
 Scatter Graph
A scatter graph is a diagram used to visually
represent a paired data on a graph.
8
7
(height in cm after one week)

6
5
Growth

4
3
2 A
1
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Exposure to sunlight
(number of hours in a week)
 Scatter Graph
A scatter graph is a diagram used to visually
represent a paired data on a graph.
8
7
(height in cm after one week)

6
5
Growth

4
3
B
2 A
1
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Exposure to sunlight
(number of hours in a week)
 Scatter Graph
A scatter graph is a diagram used to visually
represent a paired data on a graph.
8 J
H I
7 G
(height in cm after one week)

6 F
5 E
Growth

4 Best fit line

D
3 C
B
2 A
1
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Exposure to sunlight
(number of hours in a week)
 Line Graph
The points are connected by a line in a dot-to-dot
fashion.
8 J
H I
7 G
(height in cm after one week)

6 F
5 E
Growth

4
D
3 C
B
2 A
1
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Exposure to sunlight
(number of hours in a week)
 Bar Graph
A bar graph is used to compare the value of a single
variable among several groups.
80
70
Average Performance in

60
50
Biology (%)

40
30
20
10
0 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016

Academic Year
 Bar Graph
A bar graph is used to compare the value of a single
variable among several groups.

2015-2016
Academic Year

2014-2015

2013-2014

0 20 40 60 80
 Pie Graph
A pie graph, or circle graph, shows how the
magnitude of one variable is related to the whole.
Percentage of students’ preferences to certain ice cream brands

10%
10%

50%

30%

Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D

 Pictograph
A pictograph, also called picture graph, presents data
using symbols.

swimming Legend
: = 10 students
football
baseball = 5 students

basketball