Scribd
Upload
31 views

Hall Effect

Uploaded by

karthikk2001krishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Hall Effect

Uploaded by

karthikk2001krishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

To detemine the Hall coefficient of a


given material.

Submitted by:
Shubham Sharma
Tamna Devi
Yogesh Bhatt
Surbhi Khajuria
What is Hall effect?
When a current carrying semiconductor or
conductor is placed in a perpendicular
magnetic field , then a voltage is developed in
it. This is known as hall voltage.
APPRATUS
• Power Supply
• Electromagnet
• Gaussmeter
• DHM20
• Hall Probe
Experimental Setup

Electromagnet
Digital hall Gaussmeter
effect setup

Hall Probe
THEORY
When a current carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field , then a voltage will be
generated perpendicular to both magnetic
field and current. This is because the
flowing electrons in the conductor when
placed in a perpendicular magnetic field,
they experience Lorentz force . Due to
Lorentz force electrons move in a direction
perpendicular to both magnetic field and
current.
THEORY
 Thus R=Vh/aJH=Vhb/IH

 Vh is Hall Voltage and I is Jab


HALL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
• Starting with the experiment , first we vary the
current through the hall probe and see its
impact on the hall voltage keeping the probe in a
constant magnetic field .
• The current throuh the electromagnet is fixed
to some value let’s 3A.

• The hall probe was placed between two


electromagnets , the current through it was
varied and corresponding hall voltage was noted.
• The above procedure was repeated for five or
six times
WORKING
1. Conductor is
kept in a
magnetic field.
2. Current is
passed
through it.
3. We get a
reading in
voltmeter kept
perpendicular
to the
conductor.
RECORDING OBSERVATION
• After setup the
Hall Voltage is
measured as a
function of –
1. Current keeping
magnetic field
constant.
2. Magnetic field
keeping current
constant.
Observation Table For Constant
Graph Between Hall Voltage And
Current
Calculations (Constant Magnetic field)

Rh = ( VH*t)/(B*I)=(Vh*82×10-5)/(I×220)
For First reading
Rh= (7.2×82*10-5)/(1×220*10-4)= 0.268
For second Reading
Rh=(13.1×82*10-5)/(2×220*10-4)= 0.2441
For third reading
Rh=(19.3×82×10-5)/(3×220*10-4)= 0.2397
For fourth reading
Rh= (24.9×82*10-5)/(4×220*10-4)= 0.2320
For fifth reading
Rh=( 31×82*10-5)/(5×220*10-4)= 0.231
For Sixth reading
Rh= (36.7 ×82*10-5)/(6×220*10-4)= 0.2279
From Graph
Rh=VHt/IB
Slope= VH/t= 35-10/(5.7-1.3)=25/4.4= 5.68
RH=5.68×10-5×82/220×10-4
RH=465.76×10-1/(220)
RH=0.211

n=1/RH e
n=1019/0.211×1.6
n=2.97×1019 m-3
CONCLUSIONS
1. Hall Coefficient can be determined using Rh=Vhb/IH
2. Hall effect can be used to determine the signs of current
carrier in metals and semiconductor.
3. A straight graph between Hall voltage & Current and
between Hall voltage & Magnetic field confirms their
linear relationship. This point has important meaning as
hall effect can be effectively used to determine current
or magnetic field, when other is known.
4. The value of hall coefficient is =
5. The value of charge carrier density
Usefulness of Hall effect

One very important use of Hall effect is used to determine


whether positive or negative charges carries the current. As
we know in a semiconductors both holes and electrons can
carry the current. Depending upon the charge carriers we
classify semiconductors as p type or n type.
Determination of Semiconductor type

If the voltage produced is positive then material is


said to be p-type and if the voltage produced is
negative then material is said to be n-type.
PRECAUTIONS

1. Hall Voltage should be measured very carefully


and accurately.
2. Distance between pole pieces of Electromagnet
should not be changed during the whole
experiment.
3. Current passing through semiconductor slab
should be strictly within permissible limit.
APPLICATIONS

Hall effect devices produce a very low signal level


and thus require amplification. In early 20th
century vacuum tube amplifiers were expensive
and unreliable. But with the development of the
low cost integrated circuit the Hall effect sensor
became suitable for mass application.

You might also like