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Emotion - Dept Seminar

This document summarizes key topics relating to emotion. It discusses how emotions involve physiological activation, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. The limbic system, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and pituitary, plays an important role in the neurobiology of emotion. Emotions trigger the autonomic nervous system and hormones like epinephrine and cortisol. There is ongoing debate around whether physiological arousal precedes or follows emotional experience. Theories like the James-Lange theory, Cannon-Bard theory, and two-factor theory have attempted to explain the relationship between cognition, physiology, and emotion. Nonverbal communication of emotion through facial expressions and body language may be universal, though recognition of emotion

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Dr.j.sakthi Varshini 103
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10 views

Emotion - Dept Seminar

This document summarizes key topics relating to emotion. It discusses how emotions involve physiological activation, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. The limbic system, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and pituitary, plays an important role in the neurobiology of emotion. Emotions trigger the autonomic nervous system and hormones like epinephrine and cortisol. There is ongoing debate around whether physiological arousal precedes or follows emotional experience. Theories like the James-Lange theory, Cannon-Bard theory, and two-factor theory have attempted to explain the relationship between cognition, physiology, and emotion. Nonverbal communication of emotion through facial expressions and body language may be universal, though recognition of emotion

Uploaded by

Dr.j.sakthi Varshini 103
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Emotion

Department Seminar
By
Dr. J. Senthil Kumar., B,H,M,S.,
Dept. Of Psychiatry
P. G. Part - I
EMOTION
Emotion
.
Emotion
Emotions are a mix of 1) physiological
activation, 2) expressive behaviors, and
3)
conscious experience.
Neurobiology of Emotion:
Limbic System

Limbic system includes thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary


Hormones
• Epinephrine (adrenaline): released from
adrenal gland, increase heart rate,
constricts blood vessels
• Cortisol: released from adrenal gland,
mobilizes sugar
Autonomic Nervous System
Biology of Emotions:
The Autonomic Nervous System
During an emotional experience, our autonomic
nervous system mobilizes energy in the body
that arouses us.
Emotional Expression I:
Similarity Across Species

Berridge & Winkielman (2003). Cognition & Behavior, 17, 181-211.


Emotional Expression I:
Similarity Across Species

Berridge & Winkielman (2003). Cognition & Behavior, 17, 181-211.


Controversy
1) Does physiological arousal precede or follow
your emotional experience?

• Does cognition (thinking) precede emotion


(feeling)?
Commonsense View
When you become happy, your heart starts
beating faster. First comes conscious
awareness, then comes physiological activity.

Bob Sacha
James-Lange Theory
1842-1910
1834 - 1900
William James (Eminence
= 14th) and Carl Lange
proposed an idea that
was diametrically
opposed to the common-
sense view.The James-
Lange Theory proposes
that physiological activity
precedes the emotional
experience.
Cannon-Bard Theory
1898-1977
1871-1945

Walter B. Cannon and


Phillip Bard questioned
the James- Lange Theory
and proposed that an
emotion-triggering
stimulus and the body's
arousal take place
simultaneously.
Two-Factor Theory

1922-1977

Stanley Schachter and


Jerome Singer
proposed yet another
theory which suggests
our physiology and
cognitions create
emotions. Emotions
have two factors–
physical arousal and
cognitive label.
Cognitive appraisal theory
• Richard Lazarus
• Emphasizes the appraisal of information from
several sources
• Eg : An emotion producing movie depicting the
circumcision rites of Australian aborigines.
Different sound tracks were played. 1st
trauma track. 2nd denial track, 3rd
intellectualisation track and 4th no sound.
In this more stress is to trauma track and
then to silent track and lowest for denial and
intellectual track.
Reappraisal

• Reappraisal is a way of coping with stressful


situation.
• Eg : A student is called by the Dean. It creates
apprehension.
But when he tells that he is elected as the
student representative , the apprehension may
change to pleasure.
Arousal and Performance
Arousal in short spurts is adaptive. We
perform better under moderate arousal, but
optimal performance varies with task
difficulty.
Cognition and Emotion
What is the connection between how we think
(cognition) and how we feel (emotion)?

Can we change our emotions by changing our


thinking?
Cognition Can Define Emotion
An arousal response to one event spills over into
our response to the next event.

AP Photo/ Nati Harnik

Reuters/ Corbis
Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger,
which may lead to rioting.
Cognition Does Not Always Precede
Emotion

Emotions are felt directly through the amygdala (a)


or through the cortex (b) for analysis.
Cognition Does Not Always Precede
Emotion
When fearful eyes were subliminally presented
to subjects, fMRI scans revealed higher levels of
activity in the amygdala.

Whalen et al. (2004). Science, 302, 2061.


Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face, by the
body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this
nonverbal language of emotion universal?
Detecting Emotion
Most of us are good at deciphering emotions
through nonverbal communication. In a crowd of
faces a single angry face will ȃpop outȄ faster
than a single happy face (Fox et al, 2000).
Detecting Emotion
Hard-to-control facial muscles reveal signs of
emotions you may be trying to conceal. A feigned
smile may continue for more than 4-5 seconds
while a genuine smile will have faded by then.

Francisco
Dr. Paul Elkman, University of California at San
Which of smiles is genuine?
Hindu Dance
In classical Hindu dance, the body is trained to
effectively convey 10 different emotions.

Network Photographers/ Alamy


Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal
Behavior
Women are much better at discerning nonverbal
emotions than men. When shown sad, happy, and
scary film clips women expressed more emotions
than men.
Culture and Emotional Expression

When culturally diverse people were shown basic


facial expressions, they did fairly well at
recognizing them (Matsumoto & Ekman, 1989).

Caucasian Facial Expression of Emotion


Elkman & Matsumoto, Japanese and
Analyzing Emotion
Analysis of emotions are carried on different levels.
The Effects of Facial Expression
If facial expressions are manipulated, like furrowing
brows, people feel sad while looking at sad pictures.

The New York Times Pictures


Courtesy of Louis Schake/ Michael Kausman/
Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips
touch causes the brow to furrow.
Thank You

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