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Lecture 1

This document discusses environmental factors that affect human comfort in buildings, with a focus on acoustics. It covers: - Environmental factors like noise, solar radiation, cold and humidity can impact comfort and are considered in building design. - Sound is the sensation caused by air pressure fluctuations, usually from a vibrating object. Light, heat and sound are all forms of energy that propagate as waves and can be measured. - Architectural acoustics applies the science of acoustics to building design, considering how to exclude external noise, reduce sound transmission between rooms, and ensure quality sound inside rooms. - Acoustic problems stem from urbanization, technology, land use, transportation and mixed-use

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ybtech studio
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34 views

Lecture 1

This document discusses environmental factors that affect human comfort in buildings, with a focus on acoustics. It covers: - Environmental factors like noise, solar radiation, cold and humidity can impact comfort and are considered in building design. - Sound is the sensation caused by air pressure fluctuations, usually from a vibrating object. Light, heat and sound are all forms of energy that propagate as waves and can be measured. - Architectural acoustics applies the science of acoustics to building design, considering how to exclude external noise, reduce sound transmission between rooms, and ensure quality sound inside rooms. - Acoustic problems stem from urbanization, technology, land use, transportation and mixed-use

Uploaded by

ybtech studio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addis Ababa science and Technology

University
College of Architecture and civil Engineering
Department Architecture

Architectural Science IV _Acoustics


General Introduction to Architectural Science
Environmental Factors and Human Comfort
• Our comfort in the interior environment depends on the external environmental
factors.
• Form and function define the basic elements in architecture- form shapes a space as to
serve the intended purpose.
• The form also has to protect the space from environmental strains to create human
comfort.
• Thus, we study environmental science to be aware of environmental factors that
affects human comfort, to analyze them by scientific method and be able to use the
scientific knowledge for practical application in architecture.

Environmental Scientific
Factors Application
Factors

 Noise
 Solar Radiation
 Cold & Humidity
Environmental Factors (Problems)
• Noise in urban areas, Excessive solar radiation in the form of glare and heat, Cold and
Humidity and Other Climatic forces affect our comfort especially in the interior
environment. All have manmade and natural causes.

Therefore, good building design besides the basic thoughts of form, function and
structure involves a consideration of such environmental factors.
 Sound is the sensation perceived by the human ear
resulting from rapid fluctuations in air pressure. These
fluctuations are usually created by some vibrating object
which sets up longitudinal wave motion in the air.
 Relationship among Light, Heat and Sound
Wave motion
• Light and heat ‐‐‐Electromagnetic wave
• Sound‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Mechanical wave

Their common characteristics:


- Carry energy (All are form of energy)
- Controllable (glare, heat, noise)
- Mesurable quantités (lumen, calorie, dB, Watt)
- Their propagation is in the form of wave motion.
- Share Phenomena of reflection, absorption and transmission
- Physiological damage (eye, body, ear)
- Affect a psychology of human being living in the interior environment.
- Natural and/ manmade cause of production.
The Need for an Integrated Approach,

 Light, Heat and Sound are interdependent. E.g. large windows provide better day
lighting but they also cause greater heat losses in cold season and heat gains in
summer. They also facilitate more noise intrusion. Hence, solving one environmental
problem may bring another challenge and the solution demands an integrated design
approach. We cannot avoid glare, noise and heat (thermal discomfort) but we can
minimize their effect and create suitable interior environment.
Introduction to Architectural Acoustics
ACOUSTICS is the branch of physics that deals with the study of sound.
• It is the science of sound.
• It deals with the production of sound, the propagation of sound from the
source to the receiver, and the detection and perception of sound at the
receiver.
• Acoustics has become a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing the
academic disciplines of physics, engineering, psychology, speech, audiology,
music, architecture, physiology, neuroscience, and others. Among the
branches of acoustics are architectural acoustics, physical acoustics, musical
acoustics, psychoacoustics, electro-acoustic,, underwater acoustics, speech,
physiological acoustics, etc.
• Acoustics:
branch of Science that deals with the study of
Sound
• Architectural Acoustics:
The application of knowledge of acoustics in
architecture.
encompass the study and application of the principle of sound in
architectural spaces.
Common Topics of Concern in Architectural Acoustics
Generally, the common topics of concern in architectural acoustics are
The exclusion of external noise
The reduction of sound passing between rooms
The quality of sound inside rooms

These all are analyzed in connection of Sound source, path and receiver.
Providing the occupants with privacy and with a quiet environment, by
dealing with noise sources within the building as well as noise transmitted
from outside becomes a vital concern.
Causes For Acoustic Problems
Urbanization and Technology:
• Urban way of life (people and machineries)

• Land value and dense living

• Motorized transportation

• Mixed use function (building, Neighborhood)

• Planning paradigm
Acoustical requirements should always be considered during the
earliest stages of design. Even though corrections can be
accomplished during the mid and latter stages of design, it
usually is very difficult to change shapes, room heights, and
adjacencies within buildings when spatial relationships and
budgets have been fixed. Similarly, deficiencies in completed
spaces are often extremely difficult and costly to correct.
Two stages for solution to acoustical
problems can be thought:
• Acoustical design (before construction):
Achieved by actual design of shape, height and surface
characteristics.

• Acoustical treatment (after construction):


Latter correction by material and technical treatment.

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