Council of Graduate School Deans

Region VI

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Tools and its Implications to Research Writing

Prof. Dr. Maria Flordeliza L. Anastacio Dr. Josan D. Tamayo

Vice President and Dean of Studies
IT Program Head I
ICT Coordinator

October 20, 2023

OUTLINE

 Introduction and Brief History of AI

 What is AI?
 Traditional AI vs. GenAI
 Domains of AI
 Advantages of GenAI in Education
 Top AI Tools
 Implications of GenAI in Research
 Best Practices
 Challenges of AI
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Brief History of AI

Date of Birth of AI: 1950-1956

Father/Founder: John McCarthy(American Computer Scientist)

Partners: Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allan Newell and Herbert A.

Mother of AI: Ada Lovelace

(English Mathematician and 1st Computer Programmer)
Date of Birth of ADA: 1815

1st AI Person: Sophia (2016)

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 What is AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) - is the

science of making machines that
can think like humans.

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 Traditional AI
vs. GenAI
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 Traditional AI
-solves specific tasks with predefined rules,
employs supervised learning and discriminative models,
and
- uses a wide range of effective applications including
a. automated insights,
b. predictive modelling,
c. Intelligent alerting, and
d. natural language processing.

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 Generative AI or GenAI
-is artificial intelligence capable of generating text, images
or other media , using generative models.
-Uses unsupervised learning and generative models
-GenAI focuses on creating newly synthesized content like
text or images often with astonishing levels of originality
and creativity.

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What is Generative AI?

The concept of “Generative AI” has been in use for several years, but it
wasn’t until the mid to late 2010s that it gained widespread recognition.

This surge in popularity was in sync with the rise and acceptance of
generative models like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
in the AI research community.

García-Peñalvo, Francisco. (2023).

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What is Generative AI?

“generative” is defined as “(being) able to produce or create something”

“Generative AI” has been applied more precisely to models that may produce
new, previously unseen information dependent on the data on which they were
trained

“Generative AI” any process of producing any content by any AI technique.

Generative AI is not some form of arcane magic but the procedure of training a
model with input data.

Its capacity to generate original content is based on learning patterns within the
available data and then creating outputs that represent these patterns in new
ways
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Generative AI

text generation
music generation
image generation voice generation

video generation game design

style transfer code generation

data synthesis

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Advantages of AI

1. Personalizes experiences, content and product

recommendations
2. Generates personalized investment recommendations
3. Analyzes market data
4. Boosts creativity leading to idea generation and
improves learner engagement
5. Customizes learning experience

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Advantages of AI

6. Produces resources for education

7. Revolutionizes the way universities and businesses

operates
8. Boosts productivity
9. Saves time
10. Saves manual effort

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Advantages of AI

11. Automates monotonous tasks

12. Frees up human resources for more complex and
challenging endeavors
13. Enhances and inspires human creativity
14. Opens new paths for self-expression and exploration

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 Domains of AI

- Recommendation - Autonomous Underwater

Systems
- Medical Diagnostics
MACHINE AUTONOMOUS Vehicles
- Self-Driving Cars
- Object Detection LEARNING SYSTEMS - Autonomous Drones

- Facial Recognition
- Optical Character MACHINE ROBOTICS & - Manufacturing
- Logistics
Recognition
- Augmented Reality VISION ANIMATION - Disaster Response

NATURAL

LANGUAGE
PROCESSING
- Virtual Assistants
- Chatbots

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Top AI Tools:

1.Chat GPT-uses NLP to analyze the input and

generates a written response . This tool lacks knowledge
beyond 2021.
2.Bing Chat- an integrated chat box, it leverages
internet-connected training data
3. Jasper- AI powered copywriting assistant that
employs a proprietary AI model in conjunction with 3rd
party models like GPT 3. Useful for creating marketing
materials
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Top AI Tools:

4. Bard- Google's conversational chat box powered by

PaLM2LLM model. It provides 3 initial responses giving
users flexibility to select the most suitable one.

5.Quillbot-AI powered assistant that employs NLP to

analyze and rephrase text.

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Generative AI in Research

How many logo/s is/are

familiar to you?

ChatPDF Elicit

Top AI
Tools in
ChatGPT pa c e
Scientific Sc iS
Research
https://tinyurl.com/GeneAI
The code 4231 3017 Co
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sc ista
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Research A
Rabbit

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ChatGPT

Chat GPT is a type of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language

model that has been specifically trained to generate text in response to
natural language inputs.

It is designed to simulate human-like conversation and can be used in a

variety of applications, including chatbots, virtual assistants, and language
translation tools.

It is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform the way we interact
with technology, enabling more natural and intuitive communication between
humans and machines.

(PDF) Chat GPT and education. Available from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369926506_Chat_GPT_and_education

https://chat.openai.com/

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ChatGPT

Chat GPT is a type of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language

model that has been specifically trained to generate text in response to
natural language inputs.

It is designed to simulate human-like conversation and can be used in a

variety of applications, including chatbots, virtual assistants, and language
translation tools.

It is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform the way we interact
with technology, enabling more natural and intuitive communication between
humans and machines.

(PDF) Chat GPT and education. Available from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369926506_Chat_GPT_and_education

https://chat.openai.com/

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ChatPDF

ChatPDF is an artificial intelligence-based tool that provdes users with a way

to interact with their PDF files as if the information in these files was
processed by a human being.

The way it works is by analyzing the provided PDF file to give a summary or
extract the necessary information.

You can use it on virtually everything – from textbooks, research papers,

legal documents, manuals to essays, receipts and contracts.

It can write a summary on your book or give you a brief biography of the main
character, the possibilities are limitless.

What is ChatPDF and how to use it? - ZoogVPN;Available from: https://zoogvpn.com/what-is-chatpdf-

and-how-to-use-it/.

https://www.chatpdf.com/

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ChatPDF

Elicit offers a unique tool that consolidates scholarly literature in a concise

format to help users conduct literature reviews or find relevant articles to
answer their research questions.

It is novel in how it synthesizes literature and allows researchers to probe

additional questions in an article.

It pulls publications from Semantic Scholar and expedites the literature review
process.

It can find relevant papers without perfect keyword matching, summarize

takeaways from the paper, and extract key information into a research matrix.

https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29657

https://elicit.com/

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SciSpace

SciSpace is the easiest way to find, understand, and learn any research
paper.

It provides simple explanations and answers from AI and discover a network

of connected and relevant papers.

Use in research-backed explanations or summaries for any text, maths, and

tables in any research paper, technical blog post, or report you’re reading.

https://typeset.io/t/about/

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scite Assistant

scite helps researchers better discover and understand research articles

through Smart Citations – citations that display the context of the citation and
describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence.

It uses artificial intelligence to determine whether scholarly articles mention,

support, or contrast the claims of cited articles.

It can automatically extract key information from papers, such as research

questions, methods, results, and conclusions.

https://scite.ai/

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Research Rabbit

ResearchRabbit is a research platform that enables you to discover and

visualize relevant literature and scholars, create alerts for awesome newly-
published papers, share collections with colleagues and the world.

As you add more papers, it better understands your interests and generates
better recommendations.

Adding more papers to a collection enables personalized recommendations.

Based on your Collection, it will start monitoring all newly-published papers.

https://researchrabbit.notion.site/

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Research Rabbit

Consensus is a search engine that uses language models to surface and

synthesize claims from academic research papers.

It is not a chatbot, but, use the same technology to take in research

questions, and find relevant answers within papers.

This model pulls out sentences where authors state their findings based on
evidence of their experiment, what they call “claims”.

https://consensus.app/home/blog/welcome-to-consensus/

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Generative AI in Research

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Text-to-
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Dream
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Text-to-Image Generators

- Text-to-image generators can create more or less any kind

of image from text input.

- Further, they cannot only visualize the written content but

create different kinds of styles and qualities based on the
information given.

- This can mean that you can create either a drawing with a
specific style or a full HD photo.

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Use of Generative AI in Research

 Automated Literature Search

 Summarizing and Extracting Key Information
 Topic Clustering and Trend Identification
 Citation and Referencing Assistance
 Personalized Recommendations
 Plagiarism Detection
 Language Translation
 Contextual Understanding
 Collaborative Literature Review

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Implications of Generative AI in Research

Bias and Fairness

- Generative AI models may inherit biases present in the training
data, potentially leading to biased outputs.

“COMPAS overpredicts the risk for women to reoffend, therefore

leading to unfair sentencing of female offenders.” Hamilton M,
(2019)

Colombian law does not forbid the use of AI in court decisions, but
systems like ChatGPT are known for giving answers that
are biased, discriminatory, or just plain wrong. This is because the
language model holds no actual “understanding” of the text—it merely
synthesizes sentences based on probability from the millions of
examples used to train the system.

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Bias and Fairness

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Intellectual Property

- The ownership and use of AI-generated content can raise legal and
ethical questions regarding intellectual property rights.

If you put all the world’s knowledge into an AI model and use
it to make something new, who owns that and who gets
paid?
In a case filed in late 2022, Andersen v. Stability AI et al., three
artists formed a class to sue multiple generative AI
platforms on the basis of the AI using their original works
without license to train their AI in their styles…
Getty, an image licensing service, filed a lawsuit against
the creators of Stable Diffusion alleging the improper use
of its photos, both violating copyright and trademark
rights it has in its watermarked photograph collection…

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Privacy

- The ability to generate realistic content can have

implications for privacy and security.

- data often contains personal information that may be sensitive or private.

text messages, emails, social media posts, and other forms of online
communication.

- user inputs, conversation history, and ai system responses .

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Privacy

https://pho.to/privacy

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Misuse

Generative AI technology can be misused for malicious

purposes, such as creating fake news or impersonating
individuals.
- models on large datasets of real data, such as images, videos,
and text, to generate convincing fake data .

- large dataset of legitimate emails can be fine-tune to

generate fake emails that are similar in tone and style to
the original emails.

- DeepFakes is a tool that allows users to create realistic

fake videos by swapping the faces of people in existing
videos.

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Should I cite ChatGPT?

- Citing ChatGPT and other generative AI will allow your work to

remain transparent while also demonstrating ethical considerations.

- If generative AI is used in research, best practice would dictate to

mention the use of this tool in the narrative.

- Suggestions for citations may be found below:

- American Psychological Association (APA)
- Chicago Manual of Style
- Modern Language Association (MLA)

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

American Psychological Association (APA)

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Chicago Manual of Style

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Modern Language Association (MLA)

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 Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Do I need to disclose the use of generative AI?

https://www.robertjgates.com/disclosures-
on-ai-generated-content/

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 Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Publisher policies
- Several publishers have recently shared policies regarding the use
of AI in manuscripts. In general, they clarify that AI cannot be listed
as an author/co-author, and that use of AI must be declared.
- Policies by publisher name:
Cambridge
JAMA
Nature
Science
Taylor and Francis
- In addition to individual publishers, prominent organizations have
established positions against allowing generative AI bots to be
listed as authors.
COPE (Committee on Publishing Ethics)
WAME (World Association of Medical Editors)

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Researchers should practice caution when relying on AI for content,

particularly because AI may present its false information with confidence
that may lead users to believe that the generator has credibility.

For example, ChatGPT has been known to fabricate references for

sources, as well as provide fake evidence for health sciences inquiries
(Alkaissi & McFarlane, 2023).

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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Avoid Plagiarism. GPTRadar

AI Detector Pro GPTKit

ZeroGPT Top 10 Best

Originally.AI
Plagiarism Checkers
For AI-Generated
Content Turnitin
GPTZero

CopyLeaks Winston AI
SciSpace
Academic AI
Detector
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Generative AI in Research Best Practices

Maintain human oversight. Do not rely solely on AI-

generated content; rather, use it as a tool to enhance
and augment human expertise.

Because AI relies on networked datasets to generate

connections that emulate human writing, it is
incapable of actually thinking for itself. Therefore,
fact-checking is not consistently accurate.

Humans bring unique intuition and judgment to

decision-making, which AI cannot replicate.

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Challenges of GenAI

1. GenAI may replace many entry-level jobs but it will

also optimize efficiency and promote creative thinking.

2. GenAI will be an integral collaborator that supports

human creativity leading to improved output.

3. GenAI will continue to shape sectoral shifts in

employment ("Future of Work" Report by WEF)

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 References

https://support.wharton.upenn.edu/help/gen-ai

https://drqwrites.medium.com/ethical-and-responsible-use-of-generative-ai-in-scholarly-research-a96b7e3cf4f

Alkaissi, H., & McFarlane, S. (2023). Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in scientific writing. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35179

Abdous, M. (2023, March 21). How AI is shaping the future of higher ed. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2023/03/22/how-ai-shaping-future-
higher-ed-opinion

Elgersma, C. (2023, February 14). ChatGPT and beyond: How to handle AI in schools. Common Sense
Education. https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/chatgpt-and-beyond-how-to-handle-ai-in-schools

Langreo, L. (2023, April 14). What educators think about using AI in schools. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/technology/what-educators-think-about-using-
ai-in-schools/2023/04

Zeide, E. (2019, August 26). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Applications, promise and perils, and ethical questions. EDUCAUSE
Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2019/8/artificial-intelligence-in-higher-education-applications-promise-and-perils-and-ethical-questions

https://theconfluence.blog/chatgpt-policy-challenges-of-generative-ai-models/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/embracing-human-oversight-control-next-step-ai-o%C4%9Fuzhan-arslan-1f/

FAIRNESS AND BIAS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A BRIEF SURVEY OF SOURCES, IMPACTS, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES, Emilio Ferrara

Fredrikson, M., Jha, S., and Ristenpart, T. Model inversion attacks that exploit confidence information and basic countermeasures. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM
SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security (2015), pp. 1322–1333.

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 "As you embark on your academic journey,
remember that Generative AI is here to
assist, not replace. It’s a tool, not a degree.
So, let your creativity and curiosity flourish,
for the future is still yours to create.“

The following quote was generated entirely by

an AI-based system on specific requests
asked on the AI system.

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 THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

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