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AI Ethics

This document provides an overview of an AI ethics session. The learning outcomes are to analyze the role of ethics in artificial intelligence. It defines ethics and distinguishes it from feelings, laws, and societal beliefs. It discusses ethical theories like deontology and utilitarianism. It uses a case study about racial discrimination in mortgage lending to illustrate ethical issues with AI. It asks fundamental questions about the impact and oversight of AI. It suggests best practices like supporting fairness in data and addressing biases throughout the ML development process.

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michelle winata
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117 views22 pages

AI Ethics

This document provides an overview of an AI ethics session. The learning outcomes are to analyze the role of ethics in artificial intelligence. It defines ethics and distinguishes it from feelings, laws, and societal beliefs. It discusses ethical theories like deontology and utilitarianism. It uses a case study about racial discrimination in mortgage lending to illustrate ethical issues with AI. It asks fundamental questions about the impact and oversight of AI. It suggests best practices like supporting fairness in data and addressing biases throughout the ML development process.

Uploaded by

michelle winata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course : COMP6065001- Artificial

Intelligence
Effective Period : September 2022

Ethics AI
Session : 23

1
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session, students will be able to:
• LO 6: Analyze Role of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

2
Outline
• What is Ethics?
• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
• Best Practice

3
What is Ethics?

4
Source: https://www.kdnuggets.com/2020/01/cartoon-teaching-ethics-ai.html5
Ethics

Ethics ≠ Feelings Ethics ≠ Laws

Ethics ≠ Societal Beliefs

Source: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/
what-is-ethics/
6
Ethical Theories
Divine Command: Virtue Ethics:
• Moral behaviors are those • Moral behaviors uphold the
commanded by the divine person’s virtues

• Criticism: not much • Criticism: increasing


philosophy can say evidence that character
traits are illusory

Deontology (Duty) Utilitarianism


• Moral behaviors are those • Moral behaviors are those
that satisfy the categorical that bring the most good to
imperative (e.g. don’t lie, the most people
don't kill)
• Criticism: How to measure
• Criticism: unacceptable utility?
inflexibility
7
Source: https://www.pojokseni.com/2021/06/the-trolley-problem-gesekan-
antara.html 8
The Ethics of Artificial
Intelligence

9
Case Study about Ethical AI:

In future, a bank using a machine learning algorithm to recommend


mortgage applications for approval.

Here is the problem:


• A rejected applicant brings a lawsuit against the bank, alleging
that the algorithm is discriminating racially against mortgage
applicants.
• The bank replies that this is impossible, since the algorithm is
deliberately blinded to the race of the applicants
• statistics show that the bank’s approval rate for black applicants
has been steadily dropping.
• Submitting ten apparently equally qualified genuine applicants
(as determined by a separate panel of human judges) shows
that the algorithm accepts white applicants and rejects black
applicants.

What do you think about this kind of problem? 10


Fundamental Question in Ethical AI
• Does the future of AI pose an existential threat to
humanity?
• How do we prevent learning algorithms from acquiring
morally objectionable biases?
• Should autonomous AI be used to kill in warfare?
• How should AI systems be embedded in our social
relations? Is it permissible to fall in love with an AI system?
• What sort of ethical rules should AI like a self-driving car
use?
• Can AI systems suffer moral harms? And if so, of what
kinds?
• Can AI systems be moral agents? If so, how should we hold
them accountable?
11
The Positive and The Negative Impact of AI

The Positive The Negative


• Medical Discovery • Autonomous Weapon
• Improved medical • Surveillance, security
diagnosis and privacy
• Safer driving with driver • Fairness and Bias
assistance or self-driving • Trust and Transparency
technology • Replacing Human Labor
• Recovering from natural
disaster
• etc

12
Several News about AI

13
Several News about AI

14
Several News about AI

15
Several News about AI

16
Best Practice

17
What do practitioners need?

• Support in fairness-aware
data collection and curation
• Overcoming teams’ blind
spots
• Implementing more
proactive fairness auditing
process
• Auditing complex ML System
• Deciding how to address
particular instances of
unfairness
• Addressing biases in the
human embedded
throughout the ML
development pipelines
18
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20
References
• Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig. 2010. Artificial Intelligence :
A Modern Approach. Pearson Education. New Jersey.
ISBN:9780132071482

• N. Bostrom and E. Yudkowsky. ‘The ethics of artifcial


intelligence’. In W. M. Ramsey and K. Frankish, editors, The
Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, pages 316–
334. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014.

• Sergey Karagev, Josh Tobin, Pieter Abbeel, Ethics- Lecturer


Notes: Full stack Deep Learning, University of California
Berkeley Spring 2021.

21
Thank you

22

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