DISEASE OF LENS

PRESENTED BY
NAME: AVINABA GHOSH
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO: 32301721022
UNIVERSITY REGISTRATION NO:
213231201710021
PAPER NAME: OCULAR DISEASE
PAPER CODE: BO- 402
RESPONSIBLE TEACHER: AVIK RAY,
SOUVIK CHATTOPADHYA AND PRASENJIT
DAS
 CONTENTS
o
Introduction
o
Structure of the Lens
o Disease of the Lens : Congenital anomalies of the lens
1. Coloboma
2. Anterior Lenticonus
3. Posterior Lenticonus
4. Spherophakia( Microspherophakia)
o Ectopia Lentis
o Cataract a. Congenital or Developmental Cataract
b. Punctate(Blue- dot) Cataract
c. Anterior Polar Cataract
d. Posterior Polar Cataract
e. Coronary Cataract
f. Zonular(Lamellar) Cataract
g. Rubella Cataract

h. Senile Cataract
 INTRODUCTION
Lens is a biconvex transparent avascular structure placed in a small depression
on the anterior vitreous face( the patellar fossa). It remains suspended by
the sensory ligaments, which consists of a ring of fibers which pass from
the ciliary body to the capsule of the lens. Suspensory ligaments is very
strong in young and gradually becomes weak with increasing age. As the
age increases their can be many disease in the lens which is discussed below
like cataract, posterior subcapsular cataract and opacity in the lens etc.
 STRUCTURE OF THE LENS
 The Lens is enveloped by an elastic capsule, which is thinnest at the nodal
point posteriorly
 The Lens consists of lens capsule, the lens epithelium and the lens fibers
and the zonules.
 Anteriorly, the capsule is lined by a single layer of cubical epithelium which
give rise to new lens fibers at the equator.
 The lens mass consists of Peripheral cortex and central nucleus
 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE LENS
Coloboma: Coloboma is defined as an anomaly of lens shape, and is mainly a result of defect in zonules and ciliary body during
ocular development. It is a congenital problem. Giant retinal tear may occur in these eyes. Restoration of defective zonules
is not possible. Surgical treatment is required here.
Anterior Lenticonus: It is an anterior conical projection of the centre of the lens. Opthalmoscopically, a dark disc like reflex is
visible in the centre of the red reflex, which distorts fundus view. It occurs in patient having Alport’s syndrome.
Posterior Lenticonus: Posterior Lenticonus is an infrequent congenital defect of the crystalline lens capsule, which produces a
small conical projection on its posterior surface. Posterior bulge increases progressively with age and the lens cortex
becomes opaque. It gives oil globule appearance in the ophthalmoscopy.
Spherophakia( Microspherophakia): Spherophakia is a rare congenital bilateral eye disorder, in which the lens is small and
spherical( increased anterior and posterior curvatures of the lens). When the papillary dilation occurs zonule fibers are
easily visible. Angle closure glaucoma occurs when the small , round lens blocks the flow of aqueous through the pupil.
When the glaucoma is aggravated by miotics and relieved by mydriatics, it is called inverse glaucoma.
Ectopia Lentis: Ectopia Lentis is the dislocation or displacement of the natural crystalline lens.
Symptoms: 1.It reduced visual acuity. 2. Poor near vision due to loss of accommodation 3. Poor distant vision due to myopia or
astigmatism.
Signs: 1. An irregular, deep anterior chamber with tremulousness of the iris
2. Diagnosis should be confirmed after full dilation of pupil.
Causes: 1. Marfan’s syndrome
.
 CATARACT
Cataract means waterfall. Any opacity of the lens or its capsule causing visual impairment is called cataract.
Congenital/Developemental Cataract: It means cataract that presents at birth, or develops soon after birth.
1. Punctate( Blue –Dot) Cataract: This is the most common type of congenital cataract. This are developmental
cataracts characterized by blue and white opacifications scattered in the nucleus and cortex of the lens.
2. Anterior Polar Cataract: The anterior polar cataract is a special type of cataract which is situated like a small dot
on a child’s eye which is seen in the middle of the pupil. It may look like a pyramidal cataract.
3. Posterior Polar Cataract: Posterior Polar Cataract is a unique form of congenital cataract, which results in defective
distance and near vision and affects the patient’s daily activities. This is usually looks like a Mitendorf’s dot
4. Coronary Cataract: This is a type of developmental cataract which occurs at puberty. It appears as a corona or
club- shaped opacities, near the periphery of the lens, while the axial region and extreme periphery remains clear.
5. Zonular(Lamellar) Cataract: It is the most common type of developmental cataract presenting with visual
impairment. This cataract is usually bilateral and often hereditary( autosomal dominant). It is associated with
hypovitaminosis-D or hypocalcaemia
6. Rubella Cataract: It is associated with micropthalmos, nystagmus, strabismus and glaucoma. The rubella infection
during pregnancy may cause widespread ocular and systemic defects. This cataract is originally nuclear and
progressively becomes pearl white in colour.
7. Senile Cataract: It is a vision- impairing disease characterized by gradual, progressive thickening of the lens. It is
divided into two parts: Cortical or smooth cataract and Nuclear or hard cataract.
 CONCLUSION
Although cataracts are one of the most common disease of the lens and
is responsible for vision loss and blindness across the world,
advances in technology and innovations allowed the treatment of
this pathology to be very safe and efficacious. So the optometrist
should check and send to ophthalmologist for treatment.
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