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2.6 CIRCLES and Related Segments and Angles

This document defines key terms and concepts related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, arc, and angle measures. It introduces postulates about relationships between central angles and intercepted arcs, as well as the measures of inscribed angles. Theorems are presented regarding angle measures formed by intersections of lines (chords, tangents, secants) with circles, as well as relationships between lengths of line segments associated with these intersections. Diagrams are included to illustrate the definitions, postulates, and theorems.

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Jamill Balajadia
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106 views50 pages

2.6 CIRCLES and Related Segments and Angles

This document defines key terms and concepts related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, arc, and angle measures. It introduces postulates about relationships between central angles and intercepted arcs, as well as the measures of inscribed angles. Theorems are presented regarding angle measures formed by intersections of lines (chords, tangents, secants) with circles, as well as relationships between lengths of line segments associated with these intersections. Diagrams are included to illustrate the definitions, postulates, and theorems.

Uploaded by

Jamill Balajadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT2

CIRCLES
CIRCLES
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Circle - set of all points in a plane that are a fixed


distance from a given point (center).
●
Radius – segment from the center to the edge of the
circle. All radii of a circle are the same length.
Concentric circles - circles that have the same
center.
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Chord – segment that joins 2 points of the circle.


Diameter - a chord that contains the center of the
circle
Theorem: A radius that is perpendicular to a chord
bisects the chord.
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Arc – is a part of a circle that connects points A and


B.
Minor arc (<180◦)
Semicircle (180◦)
Major arc (>180◦)
Sum of all the arcs in a circle = 360
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Central angle - vertex is the center of the circle and


sides are the radii of the circle.
Intercepted arc - formed when two lines go through
the circumference of the circle and share a common
point, or vertex
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

In this figure, segments MP and NQ intersect at point O,


the center of the circle. Name:
a) All four radii (shown) f) One semicircle
b) Both diameters (shown) g) One major arc
c) All four chords (shown) h) Intercepted arc of
d) One central angle i) Central angle
e) One minor arc
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Postulate 16: In a circle, the degree measure of a


central angle is equal to the degree measure of its
intercepted arc.
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Postulate 16: In a circle, the degree measure of a central angle is equal to the
degree measure of its intercepted arc.
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

Postulate 17: If arc AB and arc BC intersect only at


point B, then measure of arc AB plus the measure of
arc BC is equal to the measure of arc ABC.
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles

u
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles
Inscribed angle – vertex is a point on the circle and the sides are chords of the circle.
The measure of an inscribed angle is ½ the measure of its intercepted arc.

d
Circles and Related Segments
and Angles
Inscribed angle – vertex is a point on the circle and the sides are chords of the circle.
The measure of an inscribed angle is ½ the measure of its intercepted arc.
CIRCLES
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Tangent - a line that intersects a circle at exactly one


point; the point of intersection
is the point of contact, or point of tangency.
Secant - a line (or segment or ray) that intersects a
circle at exactly two points.
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Polygon inscribed in a circle - its vertices are points on the


circle. The circle is circumscribed about the polygon and is
further described as a cyclic polygon.
Polygon circumscribed about a circle - all sides of the
polygon are segments tangent to the circle. The circle is
inscribed in the polygon.
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Theorem: If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, the


opposite angles are supplementary.
Alternative Form: The opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary
More Angle Measures in the Circle
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by intersecting chords

Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by two


chords that intersect within a circle is one-half
the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the
angle and its vertical angle.
More Angle Measures in the Circle
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by intersecting chords


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by intersecting chords


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a chord and a tangent


Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a tangent and a chord drawn to the
point of tangency is one-half the measure of the intercepted arc
More Angle Measures in the Circle

u
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a chord and a tangent


Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a tangent and a chord drawn to the
point of tangency is one-half the measure of the intercepted arc
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a chord and a tangent


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a chord and a tangent


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two secants


Theorem: The measure of an angle formed when two secants intersect at a point
outside the circle is one-half the difference of the measures of the two intercepted arcs.
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two secants


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two secants


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two secants


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent


Theorem: If an angle is formed by a secant and a tangent that intersect in the exterior
of a circle, then the measure of the angle is one-half the difference of the measures of
its intercepted arcs.
Again, we must subtract the measure of the smaller
arc from the measure of the larger arc. Showed in the
figure the smaller arc is “nearer” the vertex of the angle
and that the larger arc is “farther from” the vertex.
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent


More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two intersecting tangents


Theorem: If an angle is formed by two intersecting tangents, then the measure of the
angle is onehalf the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
More Angle Measures in the Circle

Measure of an angle formed by two intersecting tangents


More Angle Measures in the Circle
More Angle Measures in the Circle
CIRCLES
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by two chords

Theorem: If two chords intersect within a circle, then the


product of the lengths of the segments (parts) of one chord
is equal to the product of the lengths of the segments of
the other chord.
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by two chords


Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by two chords

R
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by two secants

Theorem: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle


from an external point, then the products of
the lengths of each secant with its external segment are
equal.
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by two secants


Given: Secant segments and
Prove: ▪ =
Proof: We start by constructing and . We can see that because they share
the same intercepted arc . by reflexive property of congruence. △ACR is
similar to △PBT by AA Similarity Congruence. : = : because corresponding
sides of similar triangles are proportional. So then we can say, ▪ = , the
product of the means equals the product of the extremes.
Lengths of Segments in a Circle
Measure of a segment formed by two secants
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by a tangent and a secant

Theorem: If a tangent segment and a secant


segment are drawn to a circle from an external
point, then the square of the length of the tangent
equals the product of the length of the secant with
the length of its external segment
Lengths of Segments in a Circle
Measure of a segment formed by a tangent and a secant
Given: Tangent and secant
Prove: =
Proof: Draw and . angle XVT is congruent to XWV, because they have the
same intercepted arcs. , Reflexive Property of Congruence. △TXV is
similar to △WVT by AA similarity Postulate. : = : , corresponding sides
of similar triangles are proportional. = , the product of the means equals
the product of the extremes.
Lengths of Segments in a Circle

Measure of a segment formed by a tangent and a secant


Preparedby:
JADIA
JAMILLBALA

THANK YOU

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