Adv.

ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS
BARC109P
Ar Pavithra Annadurai
[email protected]
 DRAWING- SKETCHING- SCRIBBLING

• an universal language- Graphical representation of

ideas, design, products and objects.

• to communicate our design and intentions

• During the development of ideas for initial stages.

• Quick and accurate sketches to convey design ideas

to others.

DRAFTING

 Common rules and standards for symbols

 Drawn to scale, accurate measurements and detailed

information.

 Site plan, floor plans, elevations, sections, details,

ceiling plans,finish schedules, electrical, plumbing and
HVAC drawings
Graphical language and its components
Meaning and Application

• Line types

• Architectural Lettering, symbols and dimensioning techniques

• Architectural annotations and conventions including representation of various building

materials and building components
PURPOSE
...to show how the design is to be materialized

...should give the contractor exactly the information they needs

...The drawings should be neatly arranged and systematically

numbered

...should be clearly aligned, simple, precise, and clean. 

...should have only relevant data and necessary notes

...should be accurately drawn with scaled measurements

What’s the purpose of Architectural Drawings and graphics?

• to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal 

• to communicate ideas and concepts 
• to convince clients of the merits of a design. 
• to enable a building contractor to construct it 
• to make a record of a building that already exists- DOCUMENTATION

Certain set of conventional rules are followed while making Architectural drawings for
maintaining the uniformity of drawings in terms of – Scale, line weight, size of sheet, line
weight, line type, symbols .

REFER- IS 962:1989 – CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILDING DRAWINGS lays down the standards
for drafting.

Local By-laws also has certain standards that must be followed in order to get the sanction for the project.
• Building projects involve a host of construction industry professionals, including architects, clients, contractors, engineers,
masons, and construction workers.

• Drafted plans act as both a detailed map and a reference tool so that all team members know what to do.

• Plans should include the scale (or multiple scales), so you know how to interpret the relationship between the drawings
and the actual size of the building.

• You can often find the scale in the title block, along with a compass showing the orientation of the structure on the
building site.
Architectural technical drawings are graphic representations such as lines and symbols that
follow specific conventions of scale and projection.

Architectural drawing is simply the technical drawing of a a building or any kind of structure.

A sketch, diagram, plan, or schematic used to design, construct, and document buildings and
other structures.

The drawings may be used to indicate the overall appearance, inside or outside the structure,
or they may be used to indicate precise measurements and other details for construction.

Adv. ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS

Site Plan - shows the inter relationship of spaces, building blocks,
services and site features

Floor Plans- Horizontal section of building at certain height

Elevations- View on a vertical plane situated at infinity

Sections - A view of the parts contained in an intersecting surface,

usually a plane surface

Other Component details Drawings used to show the connstruction

details/ installation of components

Models
Isometric and Axonometric projections.
Perspective views.

Source: IS:7973-1976 Adv. ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS

PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND PARALINE PROJECTIONS

• Before attempting to construct perspective views, it is worth reviewing

how plans and elevations are derived.
• Imagine the top and sides of an object (a house in this case) pushed up
and out against a flat plane.
• The views from above are called plans. The views from the sides are
called elevations.

• While the plan gives a view looking down on top of an object, it is often
useful to slice a plane through the object to reveal important information.
• In architectural drawings, for example, the plan is set up off the floor high
enough to cut through and reveal windows and other important features.
• In the same way, elevations, or sections, may be sliced vertically through
the middle of objects in order to reveal interior arrangements.
 Understanding floor plan icons, patterns, and abbreviations
Architects and designers have created symbols and icons to help communicate information more easily to the fellow members and to the client.

Floor plans and symbols also give a visual of how the finished project might look.

Floor plan symbols enable precision, clarity, consistency, and communication between everyone working on the same project.
Indicated by parallel lines, walls are one of
the most recognizable symbols on a floor
plan. Typically, thicker lines represent
exterior walls, and thinner lines are interior
walls. The designs indicate the material
from which the walls are made. Common
materials include steel, wood, plywood,
concrete, and brick.
Door symbols communicate where a door will go in a finished structure
and how it will open. There are three ways a door can open; inward,
outward, both and sliding.

Installing doors the right way is vital as it helps with interior design and
flow. Door designs often look like breaks in either the interior or
exterior walls.

Sliding doors usually exist in the gap between doors and doors that
swing open are shown through various angles. These symbols
communicate to contractors what doors will be installed and inform
them how they should build the doorway.
Like door symbols, window symbols are identified by the
way they open and their design. For example, the
windows that swing have arcs or angles to indicate how
they should open. Windows that extend outward from
the home are called bay windows.
REFERENCE
We use a north arrow to indicate the orientation of a floor plan. The
normal convention is to orient floor plans with north facing up or
upward on the drawing sheet.

A floor plan represents a section of a building as it would appear if

cut through by a horizontal plane with the upper portion removed.

The floor plan is an orthographic projection of the portion that

remains
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 LIVE EXERCISE
Prepare a set of drawings for the active functional room- Canteen block, V-SPARC

Sketching of building elements, people and views of built environment is highly appreciated

Scale drawing (plan, section and elevation) the building of sufficient size to demonstrate use of various metric scales,
conventions and standard annotations.
HAVE A LOOK......
1. Ching Francis D.K.: Architectural Graphics
2. Kelsey W. E.: Geometrical & Building Drawing
3. Leslie Martin: Architectural graphics
4. B. James: Essential of Drafting
5. H. Joseph and Morris: Practical plane and solid geometry
6. Gill Robert: Rendering with pen and ink
7. Burden Ernest: Architectural Delineation