Introduction to Chapter 4

A gallery of graphs
Rectangular Hyperbola
 Types of relations
PREVIOUSLY NOW
Polynomials Algrabic relations (but not polynomials)

• Linear • Rectangular hyperbola

• Truncus

• Quadratic • = square root

• x2 + y2 = r2 Circle
 = square root
Rectangular hyperbola

Truncus

x 2 + y2 = r2 Circle
Our objectives are….

Sk • To be able to sketch the graphs

et of these relations.
ch
La • To find the key features of the
be graphs of these relations.
l
• To determine the rules of
Ru relations
le
The first relation we are A hyperbola has two asymptotes. If
going to look at is the these intersect in a right-angle then
Rectangular Hyperbola it can be called a rectangular
hyperbola.

"rectangular" doesn't just mean "has

something to do with rectangles". It
also means "having right angles"
 Rectangular Hyperbola
Shape Equation

which is the same as writing it

as
 How do we know the shape?
Just like linear and quadratic equations, we can construct a table of
values
𝟏
𝒚=
𝒙

If we plot these coordinate points…

Why is there no x = 0????

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBmnt5tXRws
Features: The graph exhibits asymptotic behaviour. That is, as x
becomes very large, the graph approaches the x -axis but
never touches it. As x becomes very small (approaches 0),
the graph approaches the y -axis, but never touches it.

Asymptote Definition: a straight line that continually

approaches a given curve but does not meet it at any
finite distance.

Asymptote equations:
x = 0 (must write as an equation)
Meaning: x approaches to zero but not zero
as it is undefined y = 0 (must write as an equation)
Meaning: y approaches to zero but not zero as it is undefined
 TRANSFORMATON
The graph of can be subject to a number of transformations

Horizontal translation Vertical translation Combined horizontal and vertical

translation
 Horizontal Translation (left or right)
𝟏 𝒂 𝟏
𝒚= 𝒚 = 𝒚 =
𝒙 𝒙 −𝒉 𝒙 −2
Identify that:
Horizontal translation 2 units to the
right.
y=0 Asymptote equations:
x = 2 ( x can be any number except
2 as it is undefined at this value)
y=0
There is a y-intercept. Solve this
letting x = 0 and sub it into the
Where:
x=2 equation to find the y intercept.
a - dilation factor (the graph dilate from the x –axis)
h – horizontal translation units
k – vertical translation units Same shape as , but shifted 2 units
horizontally to the right.
The equation of the vertical asymptote is x = h
The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = k
 Vertical Translation (up or down)
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚= +k 𝒚 = +2
𝑥
𝒙
Asymptote equations:
 x=0
 y=2
y=2 (y can be any number except 2 as it
is undefined at this value)
There is an x-intercept. Solve this
letting
y = 0 and sub it into the equation to
find the x intercept.
x=0 Same shape as , but shifted 2 units
vertically upward.
 −𝒂
Reflection (in the x-axis) 𝒚=
𝒙
Asymptote equations:
𝟏 −𝟏
𝒚=  x = 0 (must write as an 𝒚=
𝒙 equation) 𝒙
 y = 0 (must write as an
equation)
 The graph is reflected in
the x-axis (Think of the x-
axis acting as a mirror)
 NO x-intercept
• NO y-intercept
 𝒂
Dilation 𝒚=
𝒙

𝟐 𝟏
𝒚 = a > 1, STRETCHES 𝒚= a < 1, COMPRESSES
𝒙 𝟐𝒙
Identify that:
• Same shape as
• To show how
it can be
different to ,
show another
point on the
graph by
substituting a
value of x
Example 1
Sketch the general
curve
Horizontal translation 1
unit to the left

Any
transformation?

State the Asymptote

equations and any
axis-intercepts
Example 2 Sketch the general
curve

Vertical translation 3 units up

Any transformation?

State the Asymptote

equations and any
axis-intercepts
Example 3 Sketch the general
curve

Horizontal translation 1 unit left and Vertical

translation 3 units up

Any transformation?

State the Asymptote

equations and any
axis-intercepts
Example 4 Sketch the general
curve
Reflected in the x-axis

Any
Horizontal translation 1 unit left and Vertical transformation?
translation 3 units up

State the Asymptote

equations and any
axis-intercepts
Example 5

Can’t see the underlying

transformation…we could factorise the
denominator.

Here, we could identify the dilation is

by 1/3 and with a horizontal translation
of 2 units to the left.