Area & Perimeter of

Quadrilaterals & Triangles

RECAP :: Area/Perimeter by Multiplying
Perimeter means:
the total length around?the outside of the shape

4cm Area means:

1 2 3 4
?
the amount of space something takes up in 2D.

2cm 2cm
5 6 7 8
Area cm2?
4cm
If the squares are ‘unit squares’ (i.e. have
length and height 1) then finding the area
Notice we had 8 square units amounts to counting squares.
because we had 2 rows of 4. We
can therefore find the area of a
rectangle by multiplying the
Perimeter
length by the width. ?
cm
! Area of rectangle
As the perimeter is the total length around the
shape, we add all the length edges together.
Quick Practice
5cm
Perimeter cm ?
3cm Area cm2 ?

7m

7m
Perimeter m ?
Area m2 ?

Perimeter units ?
6
Area units2 ?
Using perimeter/area of a square

Can we do these
5cm Area = Perimeter
backwards?
25 cm2 = 60 cm

5cm
cm
Perimeter cm ? cm ?
cm
Area We can see that to find
cm2 the perimeter of a
square, we multiply the
side length by 4.
A common student
And to find the area of error is to divide the
a square, we square area of a square by 4 to
the side length find the side length.
Rectangle/Square Problem Solving
[Edexcel IGCSE Jan2016(R)-2F Q18, Jan2016(R)-4H Q5]
Here are a rectangle and a square. Reminder:
Area of rectangle

The rectangle has length 8 cm and area 48 cm2.

The perimeter of the square is the same as the
perimeter of the rectangle.
Calculate the area of the square.
(4 marks)

We know the area and length of

Width of rectangle cm the rectangle, so we can work
Perimeter of rectangle cm out the width.

Perimeter of square 28 cm ? We’re told the perimeter of the

Side length of square two shapes is the same, so it
makes sense to find the
Area of square cm2 perimeter of the rectangle.
Test Your Understanding
A B

The area of this square This L-shape consists of

is 81 cm2. Determine its three squares. If its
perimeter. perimeter is 40cm,
determine its area.
cm
cm There are 8 ‘edge lengths’.
?
The perimeter is 36 cm cm ?
Area cm2
Exercise 1 (Questions on provided sheet)

1 Work out the perimeter of this 3 The diagram shows a vegetable

rectangle. garden in the shape of a rectangle.

The vegetable garden has length 8.3

?
17 cm
m and width 4.5 m. Dan wants to put
fencing completely around the edge
2 Here is a rectangle.
of the vegetable garden. He already
has 10.6 m of fencing.
How much more fencing does Dan
need?

Work out the area of this rectangle. 15?m

144?cm 2
Exercise 1 (Questions on provided sheet)

4 A square has an area of . Work out 6 A square has an area of 81 cm2

the length of one side of the square.
Find the perimeter of the square.

?cm
18

36 ?
cm
5 Find the dimensions of the rectangle with:
Perimeter = 20 cm and Area = 24 cm

6cm and
?
4cm
Exercise 1 (Questions on provided sheet)

15 The diagram shows a path around a 16 The diagram shows a rectangle and a
pond. square.

The perimeter of the rectangle is the

same as the perimeter of the square.
The pond is in the shape of a rectangle with Work out the length of one side of the
length 7 m and width 4 m. The path is 3 m square.
wide. Ali is going to cover the path with gravel.
One bag of gravel will cover 10 m of the path.
How many bags of gravel does Ali need to buy?
Rectilinear Shapes
A rectilinear shape is one whose edges all meet at right angles.

Copy this shape into your books and think about how you might determine:
a) The area
b) The perimeter

2cm
A few thoughts:
• Recall that the area of a rectangle is

• Is it possible to find the area in two

different ways?
• Is there a super clever way to find the
10cm perimeter without finding all the lengths?

3cm

10cm
Finding the area :: Method 1
2cm
We could split into two
rectangles this way.

I recommend labelling
your regions.

10cm A ?
8cm We’ll need the length of
this rectangle to calculate
its area.
B 3cm

10cm A:
2cm 8cm B:

10cm Total area:

cm2
Finding the area :: Method 2
2cm We could have also split
this way…
7cm

7cm? We’ll need the length of

A this rectangle to calculate
10cm

its area.
3cm

B 3cm

10cm A:
B:
Total area:
cm2
Finding the area :: Subtractive Method
2cm

#
7cm

10cm 8cm
#
Instead of splitting, we 3cm
could start with a
rectangle and cut out a
smaller rectangle. 10cm

Area = cm2
Perimeter :: Method 1
2cm

First determine all

unknown lengths.
7cm?

10cm ?
8cm

3cm

10cm
The perimeter is the total
length around the shape,
so add together. Perimeter

cm ?
Perimeter :: Method 2
2cm

10cm

Notice that if we walked

the orange route (on the 3cm
original perimeter of the
shape), we’d walk the
same distance if we used 10cm
the blue route instead. So
we can replace the
orange lines with the blue
lines to make the whole Perimeter
shape a rectangle,
without changing the
perimeter. cm ?
Check Your Understanding
12m

a What is the area?

m2
?
7m What is the perimeter?
b
m
?
13m The diagram forms the outline of
c
Bob’s garden. He wants to turf
8m the whole garden, which costs
£5.20 per m2, and put fencing
around it, which costs £60 per m.
What will be the total cost?

?
Exercise 1 (Questions on provided sheet)

7m 6cm
1 2 22m

a b
4cm
14m
12m 9cm
?
4m
Area = 34cm 2
12m
?
P = 30cm
Boris wants to build a car park. It
3m
2m
?2
Area = 78m costs £35 per m2 of tarmac and £24
per metre of hedge to go around the
P = 38m
? 2cm border. What is the total cost?
?
£1728 + £9380 = £11108

3 [Edexcel IGCSE(9-1) Jan 2019(R) 2F Q12] The

diagram shows the plan of the floor in a room.
Alonso is going to cover the floor once with
polish. He buys some tins of polish.
Each tin has enough polish to cover 14m2 of
the floor. Each tin costs 9.59 euros.
Work out the total cost of the tins that Alonso
needs to buy. 38.36 euros
?
Area of a Triangle

! Area of triangle =

perp height
?

base

Examples

5cm
3cm 3cm 4cm

4cm
8cm
Area Area 6cm 3cm
cm2
Area ? cm2
?
cm2
? Fro Note: Notice how the perpendicular height may
be measured outside the triangle! Just ensure you
measure perpendicular to the base.
Area of a Triangle
7m
Quickfire Questions
Sometimes we
choose the ‘base’ to
4.5m be a vertical length.
13m 13m 25m
4m 3m 7m
12m 12.2m 10m
3.5m 24m 6m
10m
Area = 6m?2 Area = 60m
? 2 ?2
Area = 84m
?2
Area = 21m
11m
14.4m

14m 7m 4m

14.4m

6m
?
Area = 49m 2
Area = 10m?2
Parallelograms

! Area of parallelogram =

perp height
?
We can see it’ll
Click for
be exactly the
Froanimation
same formula
as the area of
base a rectangle!
Fro Note: This is known as the
Quickfire Questions ‘slant height’, which you should
be able to distinguish from the
‘perpendicular height’. 10cm 4cm
8cm
7cm
3cm
4cm 5cm 1cm

6cm ?2
Area = 30cm
? 2
Area = 32cm 8cm ? 2
Area = 42cm
Area of a Trapezium
A trapezium is a quadrilateral with a pair of parallel sides.

! Area of trapezium =

𝑎
Click for
Froanimation

h Can you sort of see that if we were to

‘average out’ the two parallel sides and
use this as the width of a rectangle, it
has the same area as the trapezium?
avg 𝑏
of and
Area of a Trapezium
Examples
Fro Tip: It may help to
identify the parallel
7m
sides first (if not
5cm
already indicated).
4cm 2cm 8m
10m

8m
Area = cm2 ?
Area = m2 ?
9cm

9cm 7cm

5cm
Area = cm2 ?
 Use your coloured cards/tablet
device/whiteboard to vote for the
correct answer in each question.

RED ORANGE GREEN BLUE

 Calculate the area of this shape.
7cm

6cm
5cm

9cm

48cm240cm245cm238.5cm2
 Calculate the area of this shape.

10cm
8cm

6cm

24 cm230cm248cm240cm2
 Calculate the area of this shape.

9cm
7cm

2cm 5cm

49cm245cm235cm256cm2
Calculate the area of the white region.

3cm

4cm 2cm

3cm 26 cm29cm212cm2
 Calculate the area of this shape.
5.8cm
4cm
9.9cm

3cm

5cm

20cm235cm223.2cm227.5cm2
 Calculate the area of this shape.
6cm

4cm
10cm 5cm

6cm

48cm240cm245cm230 cm2
 Exercise 3 (on provided sheet)

1 a b Area = 240?cm2
26cm 26cm
12cm 10cm

48cm
9cm
12cm
?2
Area = 54 cm d
5cm
13cm
c

6cm
?2
Area = 30 cm

9cm 2cm e 24 m

?2
Area = 27 cm 2m
?2
Area = 60 cm
25 m
5m
Exercise 3 (on provided sheet)

2 a b
8m
6cm 7cm 2m 3m

8cm
?2
Area = 48 cm ?2
Area = 16 m

9cm
c d
1cm
3m
7cm
10cm 2m

?2
Area = 63 cm 10m

?2
Area = 30 m
Exercise 3 (on provided sheet)

3 a 6cm b 11cm

Area = 34 ?
cm2
5cm 4cm
7cm

6cm
12cm 6m
d e
?2
Area = 45 cm
7m
12m 9m
8m
c 5cm 10m

5cm
3cm
Area = 63 ?
m2 Area = 63 ?
m2

9cm
?2
Area = 21 cm