THE INTERNET AND

THE WORLD WIDE

WEB

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The Internet

What is the Internet?

Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers

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History of the Internet

How did the Internet originate?

ARPANET
Networking project by
Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects
Goal: Agency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow To function if
scientists at part of network
different were disabled
locations to share
information Became
functional
September 1969

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 History of the Internet
How has the Internet grown?
1986 NSF
1969 connects
ARPANET NSFnet to
becomes ARPANE 1996
functional T Internet2
and is founded
becomes
known as the
Internet

1984 1995 NSFNet 2013 more

ARPANET terminates its than 40% of
has more network on world
than 1,000 the Internet population
and resumes are Internet
individual status as users
research
computers network
linked as
hosts
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History of the Internet

Who controls the Internet?

 No one—it is a public, cooperative, and
independent network
 Several organizations set standards

World Wide Web Internet2 (I2)

Consortium (W3C)  Internet-related research and
development
 Oversees research, sets
project
standards and guidelines  Develops and tests advanced
Internet technologies

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How the Internet Works
What are ways to access the Internet?
1. Regional ISP
2. National ISP
3. OSP (AOL and
MSN, for
example)
4. Wireless Internet
Service Provider

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How the Internet Works

How might data travel the Internet using a

telephone line connection?
Step 5. Regional
Step 1. Step 3. ISP uses leased
Request Data travels lines to send data
data through to a national ISP
from a Step 4.
telephone
server on Data passes
lines to a
Internet through
local ISP
routers Step 6.
Step 2. Modem
National ISP
converts digital
routes data
signals to analog
across the
signals
country

Step 8.
Server sends Step 7.
data back to National ISP
you passes data to
local ISP

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How the Internet Works

What is a domain name?

 Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
 Number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet

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How the Internet Works

THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

Domain Name
System is a
hierarchical system
with a root
domain, top-level
domains, second-
level domains, and
host computers at
the third level.

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The World Wide Web
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Also called the Web

Each electronic document is called a Web page

Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in

connections A Web site is a collection of related Web

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pages
The World Wide Web

What is a Web browser?

 Program that allows you to view Web pages

Microsoft
Internet
Explorer
Netscape

Mozilla

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The World Wide Web

How do handheld computers and

cellular telephones access the Web?
 Use a microbrowser
that displays Web
pages

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The World Wide Web
What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
Unique address for a
Web page
A web server delivers
the Web page to your
computer

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The World Wide Web

TOP U.S. WEB SEARCH ENGINES

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The World Wide Web

What is a subject directory?

 Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
 Lets you find information by clicking links rather
than entering keywords

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The World Wide Web

What are the basic types of Web sites?

 Portal
 News
 Informational
 Business/marketing
 Educational
 Entertainment
 Advocacy
 Personal
 Social networking

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The World Wide Web

What is a portal?
 A Web site that offers a variety of services from one,
convenient location, usually for free
 Searching, sports, e-mail,
news, weather, auctions,
and Web communities
(Web sites that join
people with similar
interests)

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The World Wide Web

What is a news Web site?

 Contains newsworthy material
 Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and weather

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The World Wide Web

What is an informational Web site?

 Contains factual information
 Created by organizations and government agencies

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The World Wide Web

What is a business/marketing Web site?

 Contains content that promotes products
 Allows you to purchase products or services online

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The World Wide Web

What is an educational Web site?

 Offers avenues for formal and informal
teaching and learning
 Some companies
offer online training
for employees
 Some colleges offer
online classes and
degrees

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The World Wide Web

What is an entertainment Web site?

 Offers an interactive environment featuring music,
video, sports, games, and more

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The World Wide Web

What is an advocacy Web site?

 Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea

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The World Wide Web

What is a personal Web site?

 Web page maintained by private individual
 Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting

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The World Wide Web

What is a social networking Web site?

 A social networking Web site encourages members to
share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music,
and videos with other registered users

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The World Wide Web

What are plug-ins?

 Programs that Plug-in Application Web
extend the Address
Acrobat Reader www.adobe.com
capability of
Flash Player macromedia.com
a browser
 You can Liquid Player liquidaudio.com

download many QuickTime apple.com

plug-ins at no
cost from various RealOne
Pla
yer real.com

Web sites Shockwave Player macromedia.com

Windows edia Player microsoft.com

M

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SA-ISM-2-3 26
Other Internet Services
What is e-mail?
 Short for electronic mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a computer
network
 One of the original services on the Internet

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Other Internet Services

What is an e-mail address?

 Unique name that consists of a user name and
domain name that identifies the user

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Other Internet Services

How does an e-mail message travel?

Step 1.
Using e-mail
software, you
create and send
message

Step 2.
Your software
contacts Step 4.
software on When recipient uses
your ISP’s e-mail software to check
outgoing mail for e-mail messages,
server the message transfers
from incoming mail
server to recipient’s
computer
Step 3.
Software on outgoing mail
server
determines best route for data and sends
message, which travels along Internet
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2
server 9
Other Internet Services

What is FTP?
 File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other
computers on the Internet

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Other Internet Services

What are newsgroups and message boards?

 Newsgroup
 Online area where users discuss a particular subject
 Message board
 Type of discussion group
 Many Web sites use
message boards
because they are
easier to use

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Other Internet Services
What is a mailing list?
 Group of e-mail
addresses given a single
name
 When a message is sent
to the mailing list,
everyone on the list
receives the message
 To add your name to a mailing list
you must subscribe to it; to remove
your name you must unsubscribe

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Other Internet Services

What is a chat?
 Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
 Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest

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N etiquette

What is netiquette?
 Short for Internet etiquette
 Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow
while on the Internet

Golden Rule: Treat others as

you would like them to treat you.

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