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Insulating Materials

Insulation materials create barriers that reduce the flow of heat, electricity, and sound. Thermal insulators specifically stop or slow the passage of heat by having low thermal conductivity, high melting points, and stability under temperature changes. Common thermal insulators include phenolic boards, polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam, magnesium plaster, aluminum foil, asbestos, cork, cellular rubber, mineral wool, and vermiculite. Sound insulation materials also help address noise pollution issues through products like cellular concrete, acoustic plaster, and acoustic boards made of fibers bonded with plaster.

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Noor Muhammad Ali
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13 views

Insulating Materials

Insulation materials create barriers that reduce the flow of heat, electricity, and sound. Thermal insulators specifically stop or slow the passage of heat by having low thermal conductivity, high melting points, and stability under temperature changes. Common thermal insulators include phenolic boards, polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam, magnesium plaster, aluminum foil, asbestos, cork, cellular rubber, mineral wool, and vermiculite. Sound insulation materials also help address noise pollution issues through products like cellular concrete, acoustic plaster, and acoustic boards made of fibers bonded with plaster.

Uploaded by

Noor Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Insulating Materials

Why we need Insulation


Insulating buildings helps to maintain a comfortable living environment
by maintaining inside temperatures and reducing energy costs.

The main purpose of insulation is to create a barrier around the


building – that is, over the roof, on the walls and beneath the floor –
which reduces the amount of heat entering the home on a warm day,
and also reduces the amount of heat lost on a cold day.
Insulating Materials
All those materials that retard or stop the flow of
• Heat
• Electricity
• Sound
Thermal Insulators
The main function of thermal insulator is to act as a partial or
total barrier in the passage of heat
Thermal Insulators
The situation where a thermal insulator may be required are varied

• The flow of Heat has to be stopped from a working place to the


outside environment i.e as in winter (see diagram)
OR
• The flow of heat has to be stopped from an outside source to a place
i.e as in summer (see diagram)
Properties of Thermal Insulators
• It should have very low thermal conductivity
• It should have a very high softening point
• It should be stable to thermal shocks, i.e. should not break on
repeated heating and cooling
• It should be stable chemically and physically at high temperature for
prolonged period at stretch
• It should be resistant to moisture and vibration and have good
strength too.
Types of Heat Insulators
• Phenolic Insulators
Phenolic insulation board is manufactured by a process in which a plastic foam
forms an insulating core between two flexible facing layers.
This provides maximum thermal performance with minimum insulation
thickness
• PUR/PIR Insulation
Polyurethane insulation is versatile, lightweight and has high performance
in thermal conductivity. Is used in cavity walls and floors.
• Magnesium Plastic
This consist of thoroughly blended mixture of hydrated magnesium
carbonate and asbestos. It is applied as a plastic mass cover over the
surface from which the escape of Heat is to be controlled.
• Aluminum foils
These are essentially thin sheets made from aluminum and its alloys.
When wrapped over steam pipes and other appliance, it serves as a
good insulating material.
• Asbestos
It is one of the best heat insulating material for big and small
applications alike. Insulating sheets made from asbestos mixing some
clay in the presence of a suitable binder are used for insulating boilers
and also for bulk head lining in ships
• Cork
It is light weight external tissue or bark of the oak tree. It has been
found to be good heat insulator and is used much for the same purpose
• Cellular Rubber
It is special variety of rubber made extra porous during manufacture.
This rubber is used as an insulator in cold storage
• Mineral Wool
It is also called rock wool . This material is obtained commercially from
impure limestone. The rock is first heated to melting temperature, Jet
of air or water is made to fall on streams of this molten rock which
solidifies into wool like structure. Clay and dolomite are also used for
making mineral wool.
• Vermiculite
These are group of mica like foliated minerals, some variety of
vermiculites are processed for manufacturing of heat insulators that are
specially useful for furnace insulation
Sound Insulation
High noise is fast becoming acute problem in many cities

Insulation against noise is an important engineering problem as in fact


in cosmopolitan cities “Noise Pollution” is one of the biggest challenges
for the citizens
Sound Insulation
• Cellular Concrete
It is a variety of concrete in which voids are created during
manufacturing stage. Generally it is made by adding powdered
aluminum and water to a cement used for making concrete.
• Acoustic Plaster
This is made by mixing together magnesium oxychloride granulated
slag and some gelatin
• Acoustic Boards
These are made by bonding together fibrous materials like wood and
vegetable fibers in a matrix of plaster, they are light in weight and can
be cut and joined on the ceiling and partition wall.

Acoustic boards are also made by using Vermiculates and Perlite.

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