M I N I S T RY O F E D U C AT I O N A N D S C I E N C E O F T H E R E P U B L I C O F K A Z A K H S TA N

SCHOOL OF ENERGY AND OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Drilling rig

Zholmurzayeva Aliya Batyrbayevna

MSc in Oil and Gas Business

Almaty,2023
 Circulating System Hoisting System
Mast /
Mud
Derrick
pumps
Drawworks
Hose,
Crown &
swivel
Travelling
Rig Solids Blocks

Systems Control Rotary System

System Top
At a rig site, rig drive
Shale
equipment consists of a (or)
Shakers
rig and its backyard Rotary
Mud
table
and typically also Pits
Drillst
contains offices and Mixers /
ring
sleeping quarters for the Hoppers
rig crew. BOP’s
Accumula
Onshore rigs are tors
designed to mobile Choke &
and are usually Power Systems Kill
Manifold
general purpose. Diesel
Generators
Well Control
System
 Land Drilling
Rigs

Hitch Magazine | Precision NAM Drilling |

Rig 574 Netherlands
Drilling Process

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBOtXD_UQSo 1
4
 Rig Selection Criteria
• Considerations • Decision Factors
• Mechanical rating (max torque and • Anticipated formation pressure
lifting capacity) (and temperatures)
• Suitability for the type of wells • Hole and casing programs
in the drilling program • Preferred drill string size(s)
• Mobility (incl. well-to-well and weights
skidding) & transportability
• Hoisting requirements
• The Contract Rate
• Hydraulic requirements
• Day-rate • Rotary / torque requirements
contract
• Auxiliary equipment
• Footage
contract requirements
• Turnkey • Offshore operability
contract
• Combination
• HSE record, quality
management, financial strength,
staff development, technical
support structure, familiarity
with area of operations
 Basic Functions and Operations
• Drilling Rig Functions: • Operations
• Drilling
• Tripping
• Hoisting (moving drillstring &
casing up and down) • Running Casing
• Rotating (drillstring & casing) • Cementing
• Circulating (fluids in & out of the • Formation Evaluation (Logging,
well) Coring, Testing)
• Maintaining Well Control • (Re-)Completion
(controlling downhole • Workover
pressures, preventing blow-
outs) • Abandonment (temporary T&A;
permanent P&A)
Hoisting System
Hoisting System
Raising the Mast
 Braking
Systems
Drawworks • Band brakes
• Disc brakes
• Auxiliary brakes:
• Hydromatic
• Electro-dynamic (Eddy
current)
• Magnetic Particle Brake
Crown & Travelling Block
Slinging the Crown Block
Slinging the Crown Block
Elevators and Bails
Deadline Anchor & Hookload Sensor
Circulating & Rotating

Top
Kell Drive
y
 Top Drives vs. Kelly’s
• Disadvantages
• Cost
• Advantages of Top Drives• Increased weight (slip & cut more
• Connection time savings: can drill with often)
90+ ft stands • Increased heavy loads (TD often
• Crew safety associated with integrated in mast)
reduced number of connections • Difficulty to retro-fit older rigs
• Backreaming: can pull out of hole, • More involved maintenance
rotate and circulate at the same time
• Forward reaming: tripping into hole,
driller can quickly drill through bridges
without having to stop to pick up a kelly
• Maintaining tool face while
drilling directionally A majority of land and offshore rigs
now have top drives. But all have
• Running casing using standard tools: Kelly’s for backup!
ability to fill up casing and rotate with top
drive
• Coring: can continuously core ~90ft of
core without having to stop, increasing
coring success
Making Connections
Derrickman
Automated Derrickman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbwSf8U2cFg 2
2
 Pipe Handling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBjYETwY7N4 2
3
Circulating System
 Mud Pumps
• Mud pumps provide hydraulic power to the drilling
fluid

• Mud pumps designed for:

• Pressure – circulating heavy muds in deep wells (limited
by pop- off valves and standpipe manifold maximum=,
typically 5000 – 7500 psi)
• Flowrate – exceed minimum values to clean the hole and
circulate cuttings to surface
• Hydraulic horsepower – important while operating
downhole motors

• Duplex double-acting & Triplex positive

displacement pumps typically used

• Pressure and flowrate controlled by size of the pump

liners

• Pump stroke phasing & pulsation dampeners used

to achieve more constant output pressure and flow
Solids
Control
Shale shakers can remove most
larger debris, but centrifuges
can also be used.
Well Control – Blow Out Preventers
(BOPs)
Choke and Kill
Manifold
 Drillstring
• Primarily composed of joints of steel pipe
• Joints are typically thicker than the pipe and are either
pins or boxes
API Range 1 18-22 ft
• Range in API Range 2 27-30 ft
length: API Range 3 38-45 ft

• Drillpipe (DP) – typically 1000s of meters, strong in

tension and twist, buckles in compression
• Heavyweight Drillpipe (HWDP) – used to make a
gradual transition from DP to DC
• Drill Collars (DC) – heavy, stiff pipe used to provide
Weight on Bit, resistant to buckling
• Stabilizers – centralize the bottom hole assembly
(BHA)
 Drillpipe
• Aspect ratio
Stacked drillpipe at a Single 30’ stand of 3.5” drillpipe: 10 pixels x
rigsite
1000 pixels

3000 meters of 3.5” drillstring: 0.03 pixels x

1000 pixels

• Drillpipe in a wellbore is an extremely long and thin tube of steel pipe

• The bit will feel an increase in surface RPM over a second later (~3
km/s wave velocity)
• Pipe will curve through doglegs tighter than 15o/100ft
(casing may not though)
 Drill Collars
• Made of (stainless) steel or monel (for non-magnetic
drill collars)
• Can be spiral or square to reduce contact area with the
borehole
 Stabilizers
• Centralize the drillstring
• Provide directional effect
• Prevent buckling
• Can also act as nodes for
buckling
• Increase torque & drag
significantly
• Can act as hole openers
• Sometimes added as reamers
 Drill Bits
PDC Tri-Cone
• Fail rock in shear (sliding) • Fail rock in compression
(rolling)
• No moving parts, but
require adequate hole • Subject to bearing failure
cleaning
• Milled tooth bits are cheap
• Expensive, but suitable for and suitable for soft
nearly all formations formations
 Directional Steering
Systems
• Using Slide Mode • Using Rotary Mode
• Drillstring kept stationary • Drillstring is rotated and side
and motor bend exerts a force averaged per rotation
side force on the rotating • Results in a slightly over
bit
gauge hole

Source: Ba3k6er
Hughes
 Rotary Steerable Systems
• Downhole tools with actuated pads to either push-the-bit
(applying a side force on the bit) or point-the-bit (pivot the bit
around a stabilizer)
• Azimuth (degrees from north) and inclination (degrees
from vertical) communicated via mud pulse from surface

Source: MSeopto1d5,y20&20 Boonen AADE-0375-

NTCE-44
Questions?