Introduction to

Emerging Technology
(ET)
Chapter 1
Learning Outcomes
After completing this lesson you should be able to

● Develop knowledge about industrial evolutions

● Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution
possible
● Explain the role of data in Emerging Technologies
● Identify enabling devices for emerging technologies
● Understand concepts relating to the design of human-computer
interfaces
● Describe future trends of Emerging Technologies
Definition of Emerging Technologies
Refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected
to be available within the next five to ten years

Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society

through technological development
What is a technology?
● Technology vs science
1. The information systems of an organization consist of the information technology infrastructure,
data, application systems, and personnel that employ IT to deliver information and
communications services in an organization.
2. Meanwhile, the term information systems also refers to the management of the organizational
function in charge of planning, designing, developing, implementing, and operating the systems
and providing services.
3. Thus, the concept of IS combines both the technical components and human activities within the
organization as well as describes the process of managing the life cycle of organizational IS
practices.
4. Due to the increasing importance of IS to the organization, understanding the strategic value of
information systems has not only been the top goal of many IS practitioners .
What do others think?
Conferences? And Books?

Dr.Vittapu Introduction to Emerging Technologies Chapter 1

4
 Conferences

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 5
 Examples

Dr.Vittapu
MIT Emerging Technologies Conference
Introduction to Emerging
http://www.etc2003.com/conf_prog.shtml
Technologies Chapter 1 6
List of Recently Emerged Technologies
• Artificial Intelligence • Internet of Things (IoT)

• Blockchain • Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)

• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality • Big Data

• Cloud Computing • Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0) - 1760s
Going from hand production methods to
machines

The increasing use of steam power

The development of machine tools and the

rise of the factory system
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0) - 1870s
Also known as the Technological Revolution

Development of methods for manufacturing

interchangeable parts

Widespread adoption of pre-existing

technological systems such as telegraph and
railroad networks

Introduction of Electric Power and

Telephone
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) - 1950s
The transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics

Also referred as Digital Revolution

Mass production and widespread use of digital

logic circuits and its derived technologies such
as the computer, handphones and the
Internet
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
Emergent of cyber-physical system

A mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-based

algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users

Automated Robots, Internet of Things, additive manufacturing and

autonomous vehicles

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence

Role of data for Emerging Technologies
(ET)
Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset and it drives or even
determines the future of

science, technology, the economy ...

Understanding, exploring, and utilizing data is reshaping the world and

introducing a paradigm shift

Data science and analytics enables data-driven theory, economy, and

professional development
Role of data for Emerging Technologies
(ET)
Impacts not only data related disciplines such as computing, informatics, and
statistics but also

the broad fields of business, social science, and health/medical

science
Emerging Technologies-Big Data
In the last minute there were…..

• 204 million emails • 100,000 tweets

sent • 6 million views
• 61,000 hours of and 277,000
music listened to Facebook Logins
on Pandora • 2+ million Google
• 20 million photo searches
views • 3 million uploads
on Flickr

Dr.Vittapu
…….and that’stonothing
Introduction Emergingto what’s coming Chapter 1 14
 Emerging technologies will change everything – how we work,
how we live, how we communicate

And maybe another one

• Customer/User Centric
approaches

Leveraging mobile, social media,

cloud & big data/analytics
organisations will put
customers/users even more
effectively at the centre of their
approaches
Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging Chapter 1 15
 Emerging technologies will change everything – how we work, how we live, how we
communicate

What implications do the Emerging Technologies themselves have for

organisational capabilities?

It becomes even more important to be able to

deploy technology capabilities integrated
Dr.Vittapu across technologies
Integrated
Introduction technology teams? Integrated
to Emerging Chapter 1 technology & business teams? 16
Enabling device and networks for emerging
technologies
 In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of
devices: memory, microprocessors, logic and networks.
 Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a
spreadsheet or database.
 Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of
tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.
 Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device
interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing
and control operations, and almost every other function a system must
perform.

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 17
Enabling device and networks for ET
Four basic kinds of devices

Memory

store information such as the contents of a spreadsheet or database

Microprocessors

execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks such

as running a word processing program or video game
Enabling device and networks for ET
Four basic kinds of devices

Logic Devices

provide specific functionalities, such as device-to-device interfacing,

data communication, signal processing, displaying data, timing
and control operations, and almost every other functionalities that a
system must provide

Networks

Communication infrastructures and components for sending and

receiving information
Human to Machine Interaction
Refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a
machine via a user interface

HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with

computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings
Human to Machine Interface(2)
 Due to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, people with different
backgrounds contribute to its success.
 HCI is also sometimes termed human–machine interaction (HMI),
man-machine interaction (MMI) or computer-human interaction
(CHI).
 Humans interact with computers in many ways; the interface between
humans and computers is crucial to facilitate this interaction.
 Desktop applications, internet browsers, handheld computers, and
computer kiosks make use of the prevalent graphical user interfaces
(GUI) of today.
Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 21
Human to Machine Interface(4)
 Smooth communication between people and machines requires
interfaces. The place where or action by which a user engages with the
machine. Simple examples are light switches or the pedals and steering
wheel in a car.
 However, a system can also be controlled by text being keyed in, a
mouse, touch screens, voice or gestures.
 Voice user interfaces (VUI) are used for speech recognition and
synthesizing systems.

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 22
How it works ?
 The devices are either controlled directly: Users touch the
smartphone’s screen or issue a verbal command. Or the systems
automatically identify what people want: Traffic lights change color on
their own when a vehicle drives over the inductive loop in the road’s
surface.
 Other technologies are not so much there to control devices, but rather
to complement our sensory organs. One example of that is virtual
reality glasses. There are also digital assistants:
 Chatbots, for instance, reply automatically to requests from customers and
keep on learning.

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 23
 Eliza, the first chatbot, was invented in the 1960s, but soon ran up
against its limitations: It couldn’t answer follow-up questions.
 Today’s chatbots “work” in customer service and give written or spoken
information on departure times or services.
 To do that, they respond to keywords, examine the user’s input and
reply on the basis of preprogrammed rules and routines.
 Modern chatbots work with artificial intelligence. Digital assistants like
Google Home and Google Assistant are also chatbots.

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 24
  They all learn from the requests and thus expand their repertoire on
their own, without direct intervention by a human.
 The more chatbots understand and the better they respond, the closer
we come to communication that resembles a conversation between two
people. Big data also plays a role here:
 If more information is available to the bots, they can respond in a more
specific way and give more appropriate replies.
 Gesture control and voice recognition also have share on this aspect.

Dr.Vittapu
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies Chapter 1 25
Disciplines Contributing to HCI
Cognitive Psychology

Computer Science

Linguistics

Engineering and Design

Artificial Intelligence

Human factors
Future trends in Emerging Technology
5G technology

Enhance not just the mobile device experience but the entirety of the
communications tech environment

Fast and high bandwidth communication

Enables driverless cars, remote surgery, iot, …

Makes gaming or accessing social networks more exciting using wearable

Future trends in Emerging Technology
5G technology

Another promising application is no-touch computing, in which we can

speak or direct our computers to perform without use of a mouse or
keyboard
Future trends in Emerging Technology
Artificial Intelligence

Autonomous Devices

Blockchain

Augmented Analytics

Digital Twins

Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces