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Lesson 14.1-Types of Mixtures

1. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Heterogeneous mixtures have noticeably different parts that can settle out, while homogeneous mixtures are evenly mixed such that the parts cannot be distinguished from one another. 2. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in a single phase. The substance being dissolved is the solute and the dissolving medium is the solvent. There are many possible solute-solvent combinations between gases, liquids, and solids. 3. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures whose relatively large particles can settle out over time. Colloids are homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate-sized particles that do not settle out. Solutions, suspensions, and colloids can be distinguished

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61 views

Lesson 14.1-Types of Mixtures

1. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Heterogeneous mixtures have noticeably different parts that can settle out, while homogeneous mixtures are evenly mixed such that the parts cannot be distinguished from one another. 2. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in a single phase. The substance being dissolved is the solute and the dissolving medium is the solvent. There are many possible solute-solvent combinations between gases, liquids, and solids. 3. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures whose relatively large particles can settle out over time. Colloids are homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate-sized particles that do not settle out. Solutions, suspensions, and colloids can be distinguished

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Section 1: Types of Mixtures

Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous.


K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
CHAPTER 14
Sec.1 : Types Of Mixtures
OBJECTIVES
1. Distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.
2. List three different solute-solvent combinations.
3 Compare the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions.
4. Define Tyndall’s effect & Brownian motion.
5. Write examples of types of solutions .
6. Compare soluble and insoluble , miscible and immiscible & give
examples .
7. Distinguish between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
Essential Questions
• How do the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions compare?
• What are the types of colloids and types of solutions?
• How are the electrostatic forces in colloids described?

Copyright © McGraw-Hill
Education Types of Mixtures
Matter Classifying Matter
• The composition of a
material can be used to
classify it as a mixture or a
Substance Mixture substance
• The composition of a pure
substance is constant
• The composition of a
mixture can vary widely
Element Compound

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous
Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous Mixture: The parts of the


mixture are noticeably different from one
another.
– Examples: Sand, Salsa, Chocolate Chip Cookie
Dough
• Homogeneous Mixture: The substances are so
evenly distributed that it is difficult to
distinguish one substance in the mixture from
another.
– Examples: Swimming pool water, Stainless steel fork
Classify the following substances and mixtures as either homogeneous or
heterogeneous. Place a check in the correct column.
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
1. Flat Soda Pop
2. Cherry Vanilla Ice Cream

3. Italian Salad Dressing


4. Sugar
5. Soil
6. Aluminum Foil
7. Black Coffee
8. Stirred Sugar Water
9. City Air
10. Paint (stirred)
11. Rubbing Alcohol
12. Iron
13. Beach Sand
14. Purified Air
15. Spaghetti Sauce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pn8P-QtJQH4

 Solution – a homogeneous mixture of


two or more substances

solute – substance being dissolved


solvent – dissolving medium

For a salt water solution:

The solute is
salt
The solvent is
water
Section 1 Types of Mixtures
Chapter 14

Solutions
You know from experience that sugar dissolves in
water. Sugar is described as “soluble in water.” By
soluble we mean capable of being dissolved.

When sugar dissolves, all its molecules become


uniformly distributed among the water molecules.
The solid sugar is no longer visible.

Such a mixture is called a solution. A solution is a


homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in
a single phase.
Section 1 Types of Mixtures
Chapter 14
The dissolving medium in a solution is called the solvent, and
the substance dissolved in a solution is called the solute.

Solutions may exist as gases, liquids, or solids. There are


many possible solute-solvent combinations between gases,
liquids, and solids.

example: Alloys are solid solutions in which the atoms of two or more
metals are uniformly mixed.
Brass is made from zinc and copper.
Sterling silver is made from silver and copper.
Types of Solutions

Particle Models for Gold and Gold Alloy


SUSPENSIONS
• A heterogeneous mixture whose particles
(which are relatively large) will settle out upon
standing
COLLOIDS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAH-cCK1bS8

• A homogeneous / heterogeneous (depending


on the source!) mixture whose particles,
which are intermediate in size, will not settle
out upon standing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bC_czAL24zY
 Dispersion medium: the most abundant substance in the mixture
 Dispersion phase. the least abundant substance in the mixture

 Factors that destroy a colloid:


 1. stirring an electrolyte into a colloid
 2. heating will give the particles enough kinetic energy to overcome the
electrostatic energy and settle down.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m5JnJBq2AU
2. The Tyndall Effect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Xcpq6e8pBY

• The visible path produced by a beam of light


passing through a colloidal mixture; caused by
the scattering of light by the dispersed
particles
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOLUTIONS, SUSPENSIONS, AND COLLOIDS

PROPERTY SOLUTIONS COLLOIDS SUSPENSIONS

Small Medium Large


Particle Size (0.1 – 1 nm) (1-100 nm) (100 nm or larger)

Tyndall Effect No Yes No

Effect of Gravity Do not settle out Do not settle out Settle out

Cannot be separated Cannot be separated Can be separated


Filtration

Uniformity Homogeneous Borderline Heterogeneous


Immiscible
• Immiscible means that the liquids do not dissolve in
each other – oil and water are an example.

• Stick in your diagram of the separating funnel.


Describe in your own words how oil and water can
be separated.

Oil and water can be


• Miscible liquids are liquids that dissolve in each separated using a funnel
other to make a solution.

• Miscible liquids are often separated using fractional


distillation.

• This is possible as miscible liquids have different


boiling points.
What have we learnt so far?
1. What does immiscible mean?
a) Does dissolve
b) Doesn't dissolve
c) Will catch fire

2. Which would be an example of an immiscible mixture?


d) Oil and water
e) Liquid air
f) Food dye Use whiteboards
to show your
answers
Which liquid is miscible? Give a reason for
why you think this.
A B

WATER is polar, WATER is polar,


METHYLENE is non-polar ACETONE is non-polar
Extension Questions
1. Salad dressing is a mixture of oil and vinegar. Oil and vinegar are immiscible
liquids. Explain why a bottle of salad dressing needs to be shaken before it is
used.
Immiscible liquids will form two different layers (1) and if not mixed the person
would only get some of the top layer on their salad (1) shaking the bottle mixes the
two layers temporarily (1).
Extension Questions
Blood is a colloid and blood fractionation is the process of fractionating whole blood, or separating it into its component
parts. How this process is done?

This is typically done by centrifuging the blood.


Review
Essential Questions
• How do the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions compare?
• What are the types of colloids and types of solutions?
• How are the electrostatic forces in colloids described?

Vocabulary
•suspension •Tyndall effect •insoluble
•colloid •soluble •immiscible
• Brownian motion •miscible

Copyright © McGraw-Hill
Education Types of Mixtures

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