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Lesson 9 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Ecosystem 2023

This document discusses sustaining biodiversity through managing forests and grasslands. It outlines threats like unsustainable logging, fires, and overgrazing. Strategies proposed include selective cutting, tree planting, rotational grazing, and protected areas. Aquatic biodiversity is also threatened by issues like habitat loss, pollution and overfishing. Establishing sanctuaries and managing development, pollution and fishing can help sustain aquatic biodiversity.

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Adam Lawrence Tolentino
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47 views23 pages

Lesson 9 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Ecosystem 2023

This document discusses sustaining biodiversity through managing forests and grasslands. It outlines threats like unsustainable logging, fires, and overgrazing. Strategies proposed include selective cutting, tree planting, rotational grazing, and protected areas. Aquatic biodiversity is also threatened by issues like habitat loss, pollution and overfishing. Establishing sanctuaries and managing development, pollution and fishing can help sustain aquatic biodiversity.

Uploaded by

Adam Lawrence Tolentino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sustaining Biodiversity :

Saving Ecosystem
Second Semester 2023
Learning Outcomes
• Discuss the major threats to ecosystem
• Explain how we can manage our forests
• Explain how we can manage grasslands
• Discuss how we can sustain terrestrial
biodiversity
• Discuss how we can sustain aquatic
biodiversity
Concept 1
• Forest provide ecosystem services far
greater in value than the value of wood
and other raw materials they provide
• Insustainable cutting and burning of
forests and climate change are the chief
threats to forest ecosystem
Forest Age and Structure
• Forest structure is the distribution of vegetation, both
horizontally and vertically as well as the types, sizes and
shapes of the vegetation
Forest Structure
1. Old Growth or Primary Forest
• is an uncut or regrown forest that has not
been seriously disturbed by human
activities or natural disasters for 200 years

• Reservoir of biodiversity because they


provide ecological niches for multitude of
wildlife species
Forest Structure
2. A second growth forest
• is a stand of trees resulting from secondary
ecological succession
•forest develop after the trees in an area
have been removed by human activities
such as clear cutting for timber, conversion
to cropland, or by natural forces such as
fires
Forest Structure
3. Tree plantation/ Commercial Forest
•is a managed forest that contains 1 or 2
species of trees that are all of the same age.
•Old growth or second growth are being
replaced by tree plantations.
• When managed properly it can supply
wood for industrial purposes at a rapid rate
Fires affecting Forest Ecosystem
1. Surface fires
• burn undergrowth and leaf litter forest
floor, kill seedlings and small trees and
spare mature trees and allow wild animals
to escape
2. Crown fire
• extremely hot fire that leaps from treetop
to treetop, burning whole trees.
• This rapidly burning fires can destroy
most vegetation, kill wildlife, increase top
soil erosion, and burn or damage buildings
Deforestation
• Deforestation is the temporary or
permanent removal of large expanses of
forests for agriculture, settlements and
other purposes
• Deforestation has some environmental
effects that can reduce the biodiversity
and degrade the ecosystem services
Effects of Deforestation
1. Water pollution and soil degradation from
erosion
2. Acceleration of flooding
3. Local extinction of specialist species
4. Habitat loss for native and migrating
species
5. Release of carbon dioxide and loss of
absorbed carbon dioxide
Managing Forest Sustainably
• Selective and strip cutting rather than
clear cutting
• Higher prices on wood and wood products
• Tree Plantation on deforested and
degraded land
• Stop logging in old growth forest
• Improve management of forest fires
• Reduce demand for harvested trees
Concept 2
• We can sustain the productivity of grassland by
controlling the numbers and distribution of grazing
livestock and by restoring degraded grasslands
Management of grasslands
• Preventing overgrazing using rotational
grazing

 Overgrazing occurs when too many


animals graze for too long , damaging or
killing the grasses or exceeding the area's
carrying capacity for grazing
 Overgrazing can reduce grass cover,
exposes topsoil to erosion, compacts soil
which reduces the soil's capacity to hold
water
Strategies for sustaining terrestrial
biodiversity
• Establish protected habitat corridors to
allow some species to move to areas more
favorable if climate change alters existing
areas
• Protect the earth's biodiversity hotspots
Biodiversity hotspots are areas rich in
highly endangered species and threatened
by human activities
Strategies for sustaining terrestrial
biodiversity
Restore damaged ecosystem by
replanting forest,
 reintroduce keystone and native species,
remove invasive species
remove dams
 restore grasslands, wetlands and stream
banks
Concept 3
• Aquatic species and the ecosystem and
economic services they provide are
threatened by habitat loss, invasive
species, pollution, climate change, and
over exploitation
• We can help sustain aquatic biodiversity
and increase our environmental impact by
establishing protected sanctuaries,
managing coastal development, reducing
water pollution and preventing overfishing

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