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L1 Ethics 1

This document provides an introduction to ethics by discussing its history and key concepts. It defines ethics as a system of moral principles that deals with right and wrong human conduct. The document outlines four main disciplines in philosophy: descriptive ethics, normative ethics, meta-ethics, and applied ethics. It distinguishes between ethics and morality, noting that ethics is more universal and based on reason while morality is culture-based. The document discusses various perspectives on why we want to be moral and the relationship between morality and human existence.

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Freyzel Ferrer Siddayao
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24 views

L1 Ethics 1

This document provides an introduction to ethics by discussing its history and key concepts. It defines ethics as a system of moral principles that deals with right and wrong human conduct. The document outlines four main disciplines in philosophy: descriptive ethics, normative ethics, meta-ethics, and applied ethics. It distinguishes between ethics and morality, noting that ethics is more universal and based on reason while morality is culture-based. The document discusses various perspectives on why we want to be moral and the relationship between morality and human existence.

Uploaded by

Freyzel Ferrer Siddayao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION
TO ETHICS
HISTORY OF ETHICS
The known history of pure ethics or
ethics (moral) theories begin with
ancient Greek philosophers and after
recovered by early English positivists
What is Ethics?

Greek word “Ethicos”,


“custom or character”
What is Ethics?
a system of moral principles
that includes ideas about
right and wrong, and how
people should (or should
not) behave in general and
specific cases.
Ethics-
PHILOSOPHICAL
SCIENCE that deals with
the Morality of
human conduct or
human acts.
DISCIPLINES IN PHILOSOPHY
1. DESCRIPTIVE OR
SPECULATIVE PHILOSOPHY

Deals with people’s beliefs about


morality.
Deals with what society thinks is
good or bad.
2. NORMATIVE
PHILOSOPHY
What is good and what is bad?
What is right and what is
wrong?
Ex. Ethics
• Deals with questions like “is
that action right (ethical)?
OR was that act wrong?

• Checks if the action/outcome


of action fits into the definition
of right or wrong.
3. Meta-ethics
• investigates where our moral and
ethical principles come from and what
is the meaning behind using them.
‘abortion is good’, or ‘abortion
is bad’?
4. Applied Ethics
Deals with ethical questions
specific to practical fields.
Includes bioethics, legal ethics,
business ethics, medical ethics,
etc.
What makes ethics as
normative philosophy
a science?
Because it systematically
establishes standards or
norms of human conduct
WHAT IS HUMAN
CONDUCT?
It is a combined
representation of Values(asal)
and character(pag uugali)
MORALITY OF
HUMAN CONDUCTS
GOODNESS/BADNESS
RIGHTNESS/
WRONGNESS
ETHICS VS. MORALITY
• ETHICS- Ethos or
character(pag uugali)
• MORALITY-
Mos/Mores/Moralis/Morali
ta or Custom(kaugalian)
ETHICS MORALITY
•Universal •Culture based
•what you do •what you believe
•society •personal perspective
•tells us how we •tells us if we did the
should behave right thing
•think what they •ask people to
do before they act examine their action
after the fact
ETHICS MORALITY
•code of ethics • Tell the truth
• Do not cheat
• Be loyal
• To live acc. to the
will of God
• Keep promises
• MORALITY-Personal/
Culture/Transmitted/
Doesn’t have reason or
justification
• ETHICS-Universal/
Society/Study of
morality/Based on reason
• It is considered as the backbone
of human existence
• The problem is that the moral
law is translated by so many
charismatic thinkers –most of
who are philosophers and
theologians.
• The problem is that the moral
law is translated by so many
charismatic thinkers –most of
who are philosophers and
theologians.
• There is Ethics in
Hinduism, Buddhism,
Taoism, Islam,
Confucianism, Zen
Buddhism, Judaism.
Why do we
want to be
moral?
Immanuel Kant-It is man's rational duty

Mill and Bentham-Pleasure and hapiness

Fletcher-It depends upon the situation

Kolhberg-Fear of punishment

Ralph Perry-Every human person is a creature of


values
Beauchamp-As a member of a society he adopts a
moral way of life.

Lao-tzu and confucius- man deepest pleading to


be in harmony with nature

Socrates/Plato/Aristotle-Hapiness
Hindu- because of man's
karma with brahman
Augustine and Aquinas-
Because there is God
Mohammed- because of
Allah
What if there's no God?
Can't we become moral?
" Friedrich Nietzsche, God has
nothing to do with man's quest
for goodness. Man could do good
even without God"
1. We want to be moral to be moral because we
want to win the good opinion or impression of
others concerning our self image
2. We want to be moral because we want to refrain
from troubles, or consequently, punishment, which
could result from immorality
3. We want to be moral because
we are person, person who exist in
the collectivity of persons.
Man's realistic desire
to be good is caused
by a great deal of his
obsession concern
with public relations
MORALITY AND HUMAN
EXISTENCE
“There is Morality because there is
Man”
1.Man is a being of action
2.Man has intellect
3.Man has will
• ANIMAL
Knowledge:Senses
Appetency:Instict
• MAN-
Knowledge:Senses/Intellect
Appetency:Instinct/Will

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