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INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION Lecture Note

This document provides an overview of different types of communication, including intrapersonal communication (within an individual), interpersonal communication (between two or more people), group communication, organizational communication, public communication, mass communication, global communication, cultural communication, and extra-personal communication. It defines each type and provides examples.

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ayomidesunkanmi874
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37 views

INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION Lecture Note

This document provides an overview of different types of communication, including intrapersonal communication (within an individual), interpersonal communication (between two or more people), group communication, organizational communication, public communication, mass communication, global communication, cultural communication, and extra-personal communication. It defines each type and provides examples.

Uploaded by

ayomidesunkanmi874
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO MASS

COMMUNICATION
MAC 114
LECTURE NOTE
MRS OSHO
• MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
The term communication is a Latin word meaning communis which means
common. Communication has been defined by different scholars in different
ways but the basic meaning is to share feelings, ideas, thoughts, knowledge,
opinion, experience etc.
Baran (2003) defined communication as a process of creating shared meaning.
Bittner (1989) defined communication as a system through which people can
exchange symbols and thus propagate learning at an accelerated rate.
According to Murphy (1977) communication is the exchange of meaning by
which one mind affects another.
• Lasswell (1948) however, says a convenient way to describe an act of
communication is to answer the following questions:
Who
Says what
In which channel
To whom
With what effect?

Others have defined communication as the process of transferring information


and sharing information.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION
• Intra personal communication
• Inter personal communication
• Group communication
• Organizational communication
• Public communication
• Mass communication
• Global communication
• Cultural communication
• Extra-Personal communication
• INTRA-PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

It is the communication within the individual and among the individual’s sensory
processes. It involves the self of man and forms the basis for all other
communications. Messages, thoughts, ideas are not transferred immediately they are
generated in us. Rather we try to weight them and decide on the best way to put them
across. Intrapersonal communication is self talk or speaking to oneself. It is the
conversation that takes place within a person. Self talk influences the communication
with others since attitudes and mind-sets have already been formed prior to the
exchange of information between individuals. In interpersonal communication the
source and the receiver is the same.
• INTER-PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal communication is communication between two or more persons.
Communication occurs between two or more persons when information,
messages or thoughts are shared by persons face-to-face or non-face-to-face
through telephone e.g a friend to a friend, brother to brother even colleagues.
A non face to face interpersonal communication is called machine assisted
communication. Both the sender and receiver of this message can easily get
feedback and carry out the intended message.
Feed back is immediate.
Relationship can be establish.
Accompanies by non verbal clues.
Advantages of Interpersonal Communication
• It can be use to influence or change people attitudes.
• It permits immediate feedback.
• It permits clarification where the receiver does not understand.
• It enables us to establish and sustain relationship.
• It helps to change behavior of the receiver or audience.
• It helps to seek and receive compliance.
Group Communication
• This is another subset of interpersonal communication. A group
consists of five or more persons who come together either by
accident or by design for a particular purpose. Members of such
group engage in group communication by exchanging ideas, thoughts,
information and messages. Examples of such group include the family,
church groups, social clubs, work group, committee, study group etc.
both source and receiver enjoy intimacy. The speaker and the
listerners can alternate their roles because feedback is immediate and
fast when compared with what obtains in public communication.
Organization Communication
• This is the communication that takes place within and among organization.
Organization communication can either be a written or oral or both.

Directing in an organization requires effective communication. All good


leaders encourage effective communication by having established channels or
means of transmitting information to people. It is through good
communication with business owners, board of directors, management peers
and subordinates that an organization maintains goodwill and grows.
• For management, communication serves two key functions:

(a) It provides a vehicle by which one can implement a plan of action coordinated
toward a common goal.

(b) It provides a means by which members of an organization can be motivated to


execute the plans willingly.

For organization communication, there are two forms of communication:

They are:

(c) Formal communication

(d) Informal communication


• Formal communication
Communication flows from top executives to subordinaes to operative
employees in what is otherwise known as downward communication.

The channels of communication in formal communication are:


1. Poster and bulletin
2. Company periodicals
3. Letters and memo
4. News flash
5. Employee handbooks and pamphlets
6. Annual report etc
• It is formal because the persons engaging in communication are not familiar or
the communication is of management cadre. It is used by management to pass
on information to either executives or employees within an organization. It is a
top-down kind of communication. It is also used for outside communication
with clients, contractor and government. For examples memos are issued in
form of querry, contract agreement or disagreement, approval etc.

• Formal communication flows in several directions: downward (vertically) from


superiors to subordinates, upward from subordinates to superiors and
horizontally among people of equal rank.
• Informal communication takes place when there is no strict observance of
officialdom in packaging the information or communication. informal
communication occurs as a conversation when two or more people meet in a
social gathering to discuss subject of personal or business nature.

• Informal network serve many purposes: they can confirm, expand upon,
expedite, contradict, circumvent or supplement formal messages.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
• Public communication is also known as public speaking or oral
presentation. It is the presentation of information, address or lecture
by a person to a relatively large audience in a public setting such as a
lecture hall, auditorium, open rally, religious crusade etc. the
audience is large but in the same vicinity. In other words, the source
in public communication is usally an individual but the receiver is a
large audience who has gathered together because they have
common interest.
• Public speaking builds confidence in speaker.
MASS COMMUNICATION

• Mass communication is simply defined as the dissemination of


information to a large, heterogeneous and diversified audience through
mediated means such as radio, television, newspaper, magazine, book
and the internet.

• Nature of the audience – the audience in mass communication


comprise of vast numbers of people who are scattered over the vast
areas who receive the messages simultaneously but independently.
• Mass communicator does not usually originate messages rathr it relays to a potential
audience its own account which is news of a selection of event occurring in the
environment or it gives access to views and voices of some fo those who want to
reach a wider public such as advertisers, performers, writers etc

• It involves mediated form of communication, it is a process of directing information


or ideas to a large and diversified audience though the use of mass media vehicles
such as radio, television, newspaper, magazine, books, journals and the internet.

• The audience is anonymous, unknown to the sender therefore the feedback is


delayed.
GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION/INTERNATION
COMMUNICATION
• This is the communication through the use of new technology. The
advent of the internet has improved the process of communication
globally, that is why we operate in a global village where communication
can be done in a speed of light with instant feedback.
• The tools include:
• Email
• Teleconferencing
• Social media platforms (WhatsApp, Instagram, facebook etc)
• Zoom
• Mixlr etc.
CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
• This is a communication that is peculiar to every culture. Every himan
being is a member of a particular community, and every community
exists within a cultural context.
• Under cultural communication, beliefs, habits, attitudes, ethos etc are
communicated directly or indirectly in speech, dances, dressing etc.
• In some communities certain things are forbidden e.g whistling is
forbidden in Oba Ile Akure, Ondo State shouting and laughing at a
particular time.
EXTRA PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
• This is a communication that is beyond a person, it is outside the
physical body. This is a kind of communication with someone or
something outside the physical realm; for example prayers and
supplication to God are a form of extra personal communication.
Communication in the dream, telepathy, necromancy and voodoo are
all forms of extra personal communication.

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