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18 Urinary System

The document summarizes the components and functions of the urinary and reproductive systems. It describes the key organs including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra that make up the urinary system. It also outlines the male and female reproductive organs and their roles in reproduction and sexual function.

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8 views

18 Urinary System

The document summarizes the components and functions of the urinary and reproductive systems. It describes the key organs including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra that make up the urinary system. It also outlines the male and female reproductive organs and their roles in reproduction and sexual function.

Uploaded by

Simply Mini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Remove nitrogenous waste (urea) and metabolic waste products by excreting

them in urine.
• Control blood volume (through osmosis) by excreting or absorbing blood ions
(Na+, Ca2+, etc.)
• Control blood pH by excreting H+ or absorbing HCO3-
The componenet of urinary system

 kidney – paired organ of urinary excretion, filters blood to


produce urine
-Renal artery – artery which supplies blood to the kidney
-Renal vein – vein which drains blood from the kidney
 Ureter – muscular tube which carries urine from the kidney to
the urinary bladder
 Urinary bladder-muscular sac which stores urine until it can be
expelled from the body
 Urethra- tube which carries urine from the bladder to an
external opening
Right Kidney
Renal Artery

Renal Vein
Ureter

Urinary Bladder

Urethra ( ah!!!!)
 nephron – functional unit of the kidney (over one
million per organ), filters blood to produce urine
 renal cortex – outer layer of the kidney, containing
most of the structure of the nephrons
 renal medulla – inner layer of the kidney, organised
into a series of conical masses called pyramids
 renal pelvis – urine collects here as it is produced,
before flowing down into the ureter
Cross Section of a kidney

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Pyramids
Renal Pelvis
Renal Artery
Renal Pelvis

Renal Vein

Ureter
Ureter
• The ureters are bilateral,
muscular, tubular structures,
responsible for taking urine from
one kidney to the urinary bladder
for storage, prior to excretion.
Urinary Bladder
• Collect urine, Provide sensation and motor control of urination.
• Urine is collected in the body of the bladder, and finally it is voided
through the urethra.
The prostate is located directly below the bladder in male.
Bladder
• There are 2 important pathways involving your bladder:
1) The sensation that lets you know your urinary bladder is full and
needs to be voided, and
2) The motor control of your bladder to allow you to urinate at will.
• The detrusor muscle is a layer of the bladder wall made of
smooth muscle fibers
• This signal will encourage the bladder to expel urine through
the urethra
Urethra
• İs a duct of the urinary bladder which transports urine outside the
body.
• In females, the urethra is short, only 3 to 4 cm long. The external
urethral orifice opens to the outside just anterior to the opening for
the vagina.
• In males, the urethra is much longer, about 20 cm in length, and
transports both urine and semen (ejakulat).
FEMALE GENİTAL SYSTEM ORGANS

• External Organs • Internal Organs


-Mons pubis -Vagina
-Labia majora --Uterus
-Labia minora -Ovaries
-Clitoris -Fallopian tubes
Mons pubis

• The mons pubis, also known as mons veneris, is a rounded


eminence overlying the pubic bone(pubis).
Labia majora&minora

• The labia (lips) are folds of skin around your vaginal opening.
• The labia majora (outer lips) are usually fleshy and covered with
pubic hair.
• The labia minora (inner lips) are inside your outer lips. They begin
at your clitoris and end under the opening to your vagina.
Clitoris

• The clitoris is an erectile organ responsible for sexual


sensations.
• It is analogous to the male penis.
Vagina

• The vagina is the outermost internal female sex organ.


• It extends from the uterus to the vulva (external genitalia).
• Functionally, it facilitates menstruation, sexual intercourse and
childbirth.
• The vagina is located posterior to the urinary bladder and
urethra, and anterior to the rectum.
Hymen

• The vaginal orifice may be partially covered with a membrane


called hymen.
Uterus
• The uterus, also known as the womb, is an about 8 cm long hollow
muscular organ in the female pelvis and lies dorsocranially on the
bladder.
• Also, as an organ of the female reproductive system it is responsible
for the development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy.
• The uterus is connected to the fallopian tubes. These tubes
help carry eggs from the ovaries into the uterus.
• The lower part of the uterus connects to the vagina and is
called the cervix.
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian tubes)

• The uterine (fallopian) tubes are bilateral muscular organs that extend
from the uterine horns to the superior poles of the ovaries.
• The fallopian tubes represent the usual site for ovum fertilization.
• They also transport the resulting zygote into the uterus for
implantation.
The parts of Fallopian Tubes

• It has four described 4 parts:


- intramural part
- isthmus
- ampulla
- infundibulum
• Fimbriae ovarica are finger-like projections on the ends of your
fallopian tubes closest to your ovaries. Each month, your
fimbriae catch the egg that one of your ovaries releases during
ovulation. Your fimbriae then sweep the egg (ovum) into the fallopian
tube where the egg can be fertilized.
Ovarium

• The ovaries are bilateral female gonads and the equivalent of the
male testes.
• They release the ovum (egg) for the purpose of fertilization. In
addition, they act as endocrine glands, secreting various
hormones necessary for fertility, menstruation and sexual
maturation of the female.
Fertilization

• Fertilization usually takes place in a ampulla of fallopian tube that


links an ovary to the uterus. If the fertilized egg successfully travels
down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, an embryo starts
growing.
Ectopic pregnancy

• An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and


grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy
most often occurs in a fallopian tube, which carries eggs from the
ovaries to the uterus.

• Often, the first warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy are light


vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain.
• If the ectopic pregnancy is causing heavy bleeding, you might
need emergency surgery. This can be done laparoscopically or
through an abdominal incision (laparotomy). In some cases, the
fallopian tube can be saved. Typically, however, a ruptured tube must
be removed.
Male Genital Organs
The male sex organs comprise a complex arrangement of internal and external genital organs. Their function is concerned with reproduction and sexual pleasure.

• Internal organs • External organs


-Testis -Scrotum
-Epididymis -Penis
-Ductus deferens
-Ductus ejaculatorius
-Seminal gland
-Prostate
-Bulbourethral gland
Testis

• The testes (singular: testis) are two oval-shaped male internal genital
organs found within the scrotum.
• Their function is to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.
• Testis Descent: During fetal development, the testes initially form
near the kidneys within the abdominal cavity. They gradually descend
into the scrotum, a process known as testicular descent or testicular
migration.
Cryptorchidism:

• Cryptorchidism is a congenital condition where one or both testes fail


to descend into the scrotum during fetal development.
• Hormonal therapy might be considered for some infants to stimulate
testicular descent.
• Surgical correction (orchiopexy) is the primary treatment. It involves
bringing the undescended testis into the scrotum and securing it in
place.
Duct System

• After being produced in the testes, sperm move through a series of


ducts:
- epididymis
- vas (duct) deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
during ejaculation.
The epididymis serves as a storage and maturation site for sperm.
Accessory Glands:

Seminal vesicles,
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands are accessory glands that contribute fluids to
ejaculat (semen).
These fluids provide nourishment, protection, and an alkaline
environment for sperm.
Penis

• The penis is the erectil organ of the external male genitalia. Its
functions are to provide an outlet for urine and seminal fluid, as it
transmits the urethra.
Scrotum

• The scrotum is a cutaneous sac that contains the testes and lower parts
of the spermatic cord.
Urethral sounding

• Urethral sounding is the insertion of


an object or liquid into the urethra.
Sounding may be used in urological
surgery for dilatation of strictures or
for obtaining access to the bladder.
Urethral sounding is also performed
outside the scope of medical practice
by individuals for a variety of
reasons.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcU6g_ppWRI

• https://www.youtube.com/shorts/U3tO_PPKDE8

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