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CH 06

The document discusses tools used for structured analysis of information systems, including data flow diagrams (DFDs), flowcharts, and business process diagrams. DFDs focus on data flows between processes, sources/destinations, and data stores. Flowcharts describe system inputs/outputs, activities, data storage, and flows. Business process diagrams visually represent business process activities using standard notation. These tools help document, understand, evaluate, and communicate how information systems work.

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Shimul Hossain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

CH 06

The document discusses tools used for structured analysis of information systems, including data flow diagrams (DFDs), flowcharts, and business process diagrams. DFDs focus on data flows between processes, sources/destinations, and data stores. Flowcharts describe system inputs/outputs, activities, data storage, and flows. Business process diagrams visually represent business process activities using standard notation. These tools help document, understand, evaluate, and communicate how information systems work.

Uploaded by

Shimul Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tools of Structured analysis

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Learning Objectives
• Prepare and use data flow diagrams to
understand, evaluate, and document
information systems.

• Prepare and use flowcharts to understand,


evaluate, and document information systems.

• Prepare and use business process diagrams to


understand, evaluate, and document
information systems.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-2
Why Document Systems?

• Accountants must be able to read documentation


and understand how a system works (e.g.,
auditors need to assess risk)
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) requires management
to assess internal controls and auditors to
evaluate the assessment
• Used for systems development and changes

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

Focuses on the data flows for:


• Processes
• Sources and destinations of the data
• Data stores

DFD are visually simple, can be used to represent


the same process at a high abstract or detailed
level.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


3-4
Basic Data Flow Diagram Elements

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Basic Guidelines for creating a DFD
• Understand the system that • Identify and group all the basic
you are trying to represent. elements of the DFD.
• A DFD is a simple • Name data elements with
representation meaning that descriptive names, use action
you need to consider what is verbs for processes (e.g.,
relevant and what needs to be update, edit, prepare, validate,
included. etc.).
• Start with a high level (context • Give each process a sequential
diagram) to show how data number to help the reader
flows between outside entities navigate from the abstract to
and inside the system. Use the detailed levels.
additional DFD’s at the • Edit/Review/Refine your DFD
detailed level to show how to make it easy to read and
data flows within the system. understand.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-6
Flowcharts
Describe an information system showing:
• Inputs and Outputs
• Information activities (processing data)
• Data storage
• Data flows
• Decision steps

Key strengths of flowcharts are that they can easily capture


control via decision points, show manual vs. automated
processes.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Flowcharts Symbols

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Types of Flowcharts
• Document: shows the flow of documents and
data for a process, useful in evaluating internal
controls
• System: depicts the data processing cycle for a
process
• Program: illustrates the sequence of logic in the
system process

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Guidelines for Drawing Flowcharts
• Understand the system you are trying to
represent.
• Identify business processes, documents, data
flows, and data processing procedures.
• Organize the flowchart so as it reads from top to
bottom and left to right.
• Name elements descriptively.
• Edit/Review/Refine to make it easy to read and
understand.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-10
Business Process Diagrams
• Is a visual way to represent the activities in a
business process
• Intent is that all business users can easily
understand the process from a standard notation
(BPMN: Business Process Modeling Notation)
• Can show the organizational unit performing the
activity

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Business Process Diagram Basic Symbols

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Payroll Business Process Diagram Example

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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Key Terms

• Documentation • Context diagram


• Narrative description • Flowchart
• Data flow diagram (DFD) • Document flowchart
• Data source • Internal control flowchart
• Data destination • System flowchart
• Data flow • Program flowchart
• Process • Business process diagram
• Data store (BPD)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


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