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Prelim Limits Application Lesson 2

This document covers limits of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. It discusses: - Computing limits of these functions as the variable approaches a number - Illustrating continuity of a function at a point and on an interval - Properties of limits of exponentials, logarithms, and trig functions as the variable approaches a number - Infinite limits as the variable approaches positive or negative infinity - Conditions for a function to be continuous at a number and on an interval

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8 views

Prelim Limits Application Lesson 2

This document covers limits of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. It discusses: - Computing limits of these functions as the variable approaches a number - Illustrating continuity of a function at a point and on an interval - Properties of limits of exponentials, logarithms, and trig functions as the variable approaches a number - Infinite limits as the variable approaches positive or negative infinity - Conditions for a function to be continuous at a number and on an interval

Uploaded by

cheezymozzarella
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CALCULUS

LESSON 2
TARGET GOALS

• compute the limits of exponential,


logarithmic, and trigonometric
functions
• illustrate continuity of a function at a
number.
• determine whether a function is continuous at
a number or not.
• illustrate continuity of a function on an
interval .
• solves problems involving continuity of a
function.
LIMIT OF EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Exponential Functions
An exponential function​is defined as:
f(x) = or f(x) = where b> 0 and b
and x-axis is a real number.
LIMIT OF AN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Exponential functions are continuous


over the set of real numbers with no
jump or hole discontinuities. To
evaluate the limit of an exponential
function, plug in the value of c.
I L L U S T R AT I V E E X A M P L E S :

Find the limit of the exponential function below.

Solution:
To find the limit, simplify the expression by
plugging in
= = =3
Calculate each limit exists.
1)
Solution:
Substitute x = -2 to the value of x, then
solve
=
=
=
=
2)
Solution:
Substitute x= to the value of x, then
solve=
=
=
=
= 2187
3)
Solution:
Substitute x= to the value of x, then
solve=
=
= -5
= -5
= =-
LIMIT OF LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS

A logarithmic function can be written in


any of the following forms:
or y = log x or y = ln x
The first form has base b such that b > 0, b
≠ 1. The base of the second equation is
understood to be 10. The third equation has
base e. In all three forms, x > 0.
Since a logarithmic function is the inverse of
an exponential function, it is also continuous.
Therefore the limit as x approaches c can be
similarly found by
plugging c into the function.
ILLUS TRATIVE EXAMPLES:

Find the limit of the logarithmic


function below.

Solution:
• Plug x = 3 into the expression ( 3x - 5 )
3(3) – 5 = 4
• Evaluate the logarithm with base 4.
Since = 4, the value of the logarithm is 1.
• The limit as x approaches 3 is 1.
More Examples:
Calculate the limit of each logarithm if it exists.

Solution:
Substitute x = 2 to :
= 3(2) – 5
= 6-5
=1
Evaluate the logarithm with base 1.
==0
=0+2
=2
2)
Solution:
Sub x = 5
= 5(5) – 5
= 25 -5
= 20
Evaluate:
Log 20
= 1.301029996
3)
Substitute x = 3 in all x
=
= 8.325135023
LIMIT OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
• The trigonometric functions sine
and cosine have four important limit
properties:
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

Solution:
Use Property 1 and 2 of limits of
trigonometric function.

=
=
=-
2) Find the
Solution:
Replace cot x =
=
=
=+
The numerator approaches 1 and the denominator
approaches 0 through positive values because we are
approaching 0 in the first quadrant; hence, the
function increases without bound and the = +
3) Find
Solution:
=
= .
The value of = 1
= 4(1)
=4
LIMITS AT INFINITY

For any positive real number n,


= 0 and =0
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
1)Evaluate :
Solution:
Use Rule = 0 to find this limit by first dividing
the numerator and denominator by x as
follows .
=
=
=
=
=2
2) Evaluate:
Solution:
• Divide both numerator and denominator
by x containing the highest exponent.
• Terms that has x in the denominator is
replace by 0
• Simplify to find the final answer
INFINITE LIMITS
If n is any positive integer, then
=+
=
Examples:

1) = -
2) = +
CONTINUITY AT A NUMBER:

A function is continuous at x = a if all three of the


following conditions are satisfied:
i) f(a) exist

A function is continuous over an interval I if it is


continuous at every number on interval I .
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

1) Determine whether f(x) = is


continuous at
a)x = 1
b)x = 3
a)Solution:
i) f(1) exist, f(1) = -

f(x) =
b) i) f(3) does not exist, f(3) =
f(x) =
is not continuous at x = 3
2) Determine whether
f(x) =
Solution:
i) f(8) exist, f(8) = + 5(8) + 7 = 64 + 40 + 7 = 111
ii)
Iii)
f(x) =
A FUNCTION IS DISCONTINUOUS AT X = A IF ONE
OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS FAIL
TO HOLD:

i) f(a) exist
http://help.mathlab.us/159-limit-of-an-exponential-and-logarithmic-function.html
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/calculus/calculus/limits/limits-involving-tr
igonometric-functions
Introduction to Calculus (Gerard S. Alferez)

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