CASE STUDY FOR VFR

DAY
eVTOL AIRCRAFT

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 REFERENCE FLIGHTS UNDER VFR JUSTIFICATION

Minimum Instrument For Day VFR Part CAT

CAT.IDE.A.115
Part IAM

UAM.IDE.MVCA.115 1 Anti-collision light system

SINGLE- TWO PILOTS
PILOT
1
REQUIRED
1 Day VFR

Equipage requirements are typically included in operational or CAT.IDE.A.125

CAT.IDE.A.125
UAM.IDE.MVCA.125:
The flight instruments and
2
3
Magnetic direction
Time
1
1
1
1
Day VFR
Day VFR
equipment specified
airspace regulations (Part IAM, EASA Air Ops Part-CAT, FAA Part CAT.IDE.A.125
CAT.IDE.A.125
in its type-certification
approval for operations
4
5
Pressure altitude
Indicated airspeed
1
1
2
2
Day VFR
Day VFR
91/135 etc.) CAT.IDE.A.125
CAT.IDE.A.125
under VFR by day or
under IFR or at night
6
7
Vertical speed
Turn and slip or turn coordinator
1
1
2
2
Day VFR
Day VFR
Certification requirement (CS23/27, CS-ACNS, SC VTOL etc.) CAT.IDE.A.125 8 Attitude 1 2 Day VFR
CAT.IDE.A.125 9 Stabilised direction 1 2 Day VFR
CAT.IDE.A.125 10 Outside air temperature 1 1 Day VFR
CAT.IDE.A.125 11 Mach number indicator 0 0 if speed in Mach number
CAT.IDE.A.125 12 Airspeed icing protection 0 0 MCTOM>5700 OR MOPSC >9
CAT.IDE.A.130 13 Airspeed icing protection failure 0 0 IFR OR AT NIGHT
CAT.IDE.A.130 14 Static pressure source 0 0 IFR OR AT NIGHT
CAT.IDE.A.130 15 Standby attitude indicator 0 0 IFR OR AT NIGHT
CAT.IDE.A.130 16 Chart holder 0 0 IFR OR AT NIGHT
CAT.IDE.A.135 17 Autopilot 0 0 single-pilot operation under IFR
UAM.IDE.MVCA.140 18 Display of remaining usable 1 1 eVTOL MVCA operation
amount of fuel/energy
CAT.IDE.H.145 UAM.IDE.MVCA.145 19 Radio altimeters 0 0 Helicopters on flights over water
CAT.IDE.A.150 20 TAWS 0 0 MCTOM>5700 OR MOPSC >9;
NA for eVTOL
CAT.IDE.A.155 21 ACAS II 0 0 MCTOM>5700 OR MOPSC >19;
NA for eVTOL
CAT.IDE.A.160 UAM.IDE.MVCA.160 22 Weather Radar 0 0 at night or in IMC
CAT.IDE.A.170 UAM.IDE.MVCA.170 23 Flight crew interphone system 0 1 more than one flight crew member
CAT.IDE.A.180 UAM.IDE.MVCA.180 24 Public address system (PAS) 1 1 NR if no bulkhead between the pilot
and the passengers OR pilot’s voice is
audible at all passengers’ seats
CAT.IDE.A.185 UAM.IDE.MVCA.185 25 CVR 0 0 MCTOM> 3175
CAT.IDE.A.190 UAM.IDE.MVCA.190 26 FDR 0 0 MCTOM> 3175
CAT.IDE.A.195 UAM.IDE.MVCA.195 27 Data link recording 0 0 MCTOM> 3175 with DL
CAT.IDE.A.280 UAM.IDE.MVCA.280 28 ELT (121,5 MHz and 406 MHz.) 1 1
CAT.IDE.A.325 UAM.IDE.MVCA.325 29 Headset with boom microphone 1 2

CAT.IDE.A.330 UAM.IDE.MVCA.330 30 Radio Comm Equipment 1 1

CAT.IDE.A.335 UAM.IDE.MVCA.335 31 Audio selector panel 0 0 FLIGHTS UNDER IFR
CAT.IDE.A.345 UAM.IDE.MVCA.345 32 Navigation equipment: 1 1 In accordance with the
1 VOR, 1 DME, 1 ADF (NA if not requirements for IFR flights and the
required by route) applicable airspace requirements
CAT.IDE.A.350 UAM.IDE.MVCA.350 33 Transponder 1 1

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Guidance Material for certification approach
Guidance Material Compliance
Demonstration
VTOL.2500 (b) General requirements on systems and ED-248/SAE60493 Guide to civil aircraft EMC MC 1, 3, 5, 6, 9
equipment function EASA AMC 20-42 Airworthiness Information Security Risk Assessment (Enhanced
VTOL)
VTOL.2505 General requirements on equipment MC 1, 3, 5, 6, 9
installation
VTOL.2510 Equipment, systems, and installations SAE ARP4754A MC 1, 3, 5, 6, 9
SAE ARP4761/AC 23.1309-1E
EASA AMC 20-115D and RTCA DO-178C
EASA AMC 20-152A and RTCA DO-254
EASA AMC 20-189 OPR
AMC 25-19 Certification Maintenance Requirements (Enhanced VTOL)

VTOL.2515 Electrical and electronic system lightning EASA AMC 20-136A Aircraft Electrical and Electronic System Lightning Protection MC 2, 3, 9
protection
EUROCAE ED-14G/RTCA DO-160G
VTOL.2520 High-intensity radiated fields (HIRF) protection EASA AMC 20-158A Aircraft Electrical and Electronic System High-intensity MC 2, 3, 9
Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection
EUROCAE ED-14G/RTCA DO-160G

VTOL.2530 External and cockpit lighting CS 23.1401 Amdt. 4/CS 27.1401 Amdt. 6. (Anti-collision lights) MC 1, 3, 5, 6, 9

VTOL.2555 Installation of recorders EUROCAE ED-155/ED-112 (if applicable)

VTOL.2600 Flight crew compartment AMC and AC material relevant to 27.773, FAA AC 27.7735
CS 27.1302 and ist AMC 27.1302 (Controls and displays for use by the flight crew)
VTOL.2605 Installation and operation information CS 27.1322 Amdt 6, AC 27.1322, AMC 25.1322
VTOL.2610 Instrument markings, control markings and AMC 1 to 23.2610 Amdt. 5
placards
CS 27.1555 (a), (b)(1) and (2), and (e) Amdt.6
VTOL.2615 Flight, navigation, and lift/thrust system
instruments
CS-ACNS Airborne Communications, Navigation and MC 1, 5, 6, 9
Surveillance
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High Level Test Program For The Chosen System

Requirement
Certification Plan doc SYR
(+DAL MC3)

System Level Equipment level

Test Level Test Test

Environment CEH
Lab/rig Test SW qualification
Test Program (MC4)
A/C level test qualification
(RTCA Do-160)
(DO-178)
qualification
(ED-80/DO-254)

Review Compliance Data Lab Test (MC4)

Ground Test
Flight Test
(AC 25-7C )
Qualification Qualification Qualification
(Plan/Report) (MC5)
(MC6)
test (MC9) test (MC9) test (MC9)

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CVE Interface With Development Team

Compliance To identify applicable eVTOL requirements, guidance material (GM) such as MOCs, and to
ensure that the proposal meets the criteria from the requirement following guidance.
Verification In case no existing guidance or MOC from EASA (agency), a new proposal need to be
Engineer discussed and developed.

(CVE):
CVE interface is also required to ensure that appropriate MCx code (method of compliance)
A CVE is an independent
person in/of the Part 21
are used.
organization responsible for
the approval of demonstrated
compliance with processes,
technical designs and
environmental protection
requirements.
At the end, the clear boundary between development team and CVE is such that
development team SHOWS compliance demonstration to the satisfaction of CVE as planned,
and
CVE makes FINDING considering independent verification function.