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Sound: Ansh and Yazan

The document discusses the process of converting analog sound waves to digital data. It explains that sound waves are sampled at regular intervals, with the amplitude of the wave measured and approximated to the closest value represented by a number of bits. A higher sampling resolution using more bits provides more accuracy. The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency to accurately represent the original sound, as per Nyquist's theorem. Key terms defined include sound sampling, sample rate, sample resolution, and how increasing sample rate and resolution increases file size but also accuracy. Examples of past paper questions and answers on this topic are also provided.

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4 views9 pages

Sound: Ansh and Yazan

The document discusses the process of converting analog sound waves to digital data. It explains that sound waves are sampled at regular intervals, with the amplitude of the wave measured and approximated to the closest value represented by a number of bits. A higher sampling resolution using more bits provides more accuracy. The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency to accurately represent the original sound, as per Nyquist's theorem. Key terms defined include sound sampling, sample rate, sample resolution, and how increasing sample rate and resolution increases file size but also accuracy. Examples of past paper questions and answers on this topic are also provided.

Uploaded by

anshgandhi24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sound

Ansh and Yazan


Introduction To Sound Conversion
• Natural sound is the result of variations in air pressure detected by the
human ear. It produces a continuous and irregular wave pattern. To store
or transmit sound electronically, the original analogue sound signal must
be converted to binary code for digital processing. The sound encoding
process involves two essential components: a band-limiting filter to
eliminate high-frequency components, and an analogue-to-digital
converter (ADC) responsible for converting the analogue date to digital
data
Sampling and Sampling Resolution
• The ADC performs a critical operation known as sampling, which
involves measuring the amplitude of the sound wave at regular intervals.
This process is illustrated in Figure 1.07.
• Since it is impossible to measure amplitude with absolute precision, it is
approximated by selecting the closest defined amplitudes represented by
horizontal lines in the digital scale.
• Sampling resolution is the decision regarding the number of bits used to
represent amplitude values. This choice determines the accuracy of the
approximation. Using too few bits can introduce significant errors.
• In practice, it is common to use around 16 bits for sampling resolution to Figure 1.07
provide reasonable accuracy when digitizing sound.
Sampling Rate and Nyquist's Theorem
• The sampling rate is a critical factor in sound encoding. It is the number of samples
taken per second during the sampling process.
• Nyquist's theorem is a fundamental principle that guides the selection of the sampling
rate. It states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency
present in the sound being sampled to accurately represent the original sound.
• The right balance between sampling resolution (number of bits) and sampling rate is
essential. A lower sampling rate may miss high-frequency details, while a lower bit
depth may lead to quantization errors. Properly aligning these parameters is necessary
for achieving high-quality digitized sound with reasonable accuracy.
Key Terms
- Sound sampling: The most common technique used to convert a sound from
analogue to digital. While sampling a sound, the computer takes measurements of the
analogue signal at regular time intervals, and then a unique bit pattern of binary
numbers is assigned to each sample
- Sample rate: number of samples taken per second (Hz)
- Sample resolution: number of bits per sample
= The greater the sample rate and the sample resolution the greater the sound file size
as the number of bits in each sample increases and so does the overall number of
samples however this also increases the accuracy of the sound.
Past Paper Question 1
Past Paper Answer 1
Past Paper Question 2
Past Paper Answer 2

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