reading AND WRITING 11

Connected
Discourse
rOSA mARIA aGUADO
 Learning
Objectives
The students should be able to identify the
01 nature and purpose of a discourse.

The students should be able to differentiate

02 between the types of discourses.

The students should be able to differentiate

03 between the types of literary discourses.
 What is a
discourse?
 comes from the word discursus
 in medieval Latin - “argument”
 in late Latin - “conversation”

formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where

concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and
logical manner

often associated with speech but may also be a written

text the way that language is used to convey meanings
or to propel action or provoke a specific response
 Examples of discourse

1. Critique Paper
This paper of writing states a writer’s opinion about the good and the
bad parts of another piece of writing or a work of art. Its language is
FORMAL and its ideas are arranged in an ORGANIZED and
LOGICAL manner.

2. Diary Entries
A diary is a daily record of someone’s personal experiences and
thoughts . By reading every entry in a diary, we get the sense of the
writer’s character or values.
 Purposes of a
Discourse:
To inform

A discourse may aim to inform; such

discourse provides a descriptive and
comprehensive discussion on the
topic. It points out what the reader
should know about a topic or subject.
 Purposes of a
Discourse:
To Persuade

A discourse that aims to persuade

tries to convince the readers that the
proposed claim or solution is better
than any other proposal..
 Purposes of a
Discourse:
To Entertain

A discourse that aims to

amuse provides a source
of entertainment for its
readers.
 Types of 01 Expository Discourse
Discourses
02 Descriptive Discourse

03 Narrative Discourse

04 Argumentative Discourse
 Expository Discourse
Expository discourse is a type of communication that is used to explain,
inform, or describe a topic or issue. It is a form of discourse that is based on
facts and data, and is usually objective in nature. Expository discourse is
often used in essays, research papers, and other academic writings.

The unicorn is the national animal of

Scotland.
Yes, although it's a fabled creature,
the national animal of Scotland is actually the mythical
unicorn — chosen because of its association with dominance
and chivalry as well as purity and innocence in Celtic
 Example:
When I first saw my childhood friend Margarette, she was about
my younger sister Viv’s height. Her hair was curly and dark, and
her skin was pale. But what really struck me when I first saw
her was her big round brown eyes.

Descriptive Discourse
Descriptive discourse is a form of discourse that uses language to create a vivid
mental image of the topic being described. It is often used to paint a picture of a
person, place, thing, or idea in the reader's mind. Descriptive discourse typically
includes sensory details to create a vivid image.
 The Red Wristband
A doctor was working at a hospital, a hospital
Narrative Discourse where the patients were tagged with colored bands. Green: alive.
Red: deceased.
Narrative discourse is the way in which stories are told,
One night, the doctor was instructed to get a few supplies from the
usually through written or spoken language. It is a form
basement of the hospital, and so he headed to the lift. The lift
of communication in which ideas, events, and doors opened and there was a patient inside, minding her own
experiences are sequenced in a logical and meaningful business. Patients were allowed to roam around the hospital to
way. It is often used to tell stories, convey information, stretch, especially those who The doctor smiled at the patient
and create a sense of purpose. before pressing the number for the basement.

He found it unusual that the woman didn’t have a button already pressed. He wondered
if she was heading to the basement too.
The lift finally reached the floor where the doors opened. In the distance a man was
limping towards the elevator, and in a panic the doctor slammed the elevator button to
close. It finally did and the lift began to ascend back up, the doctor’s heart pounding.
“Why did you do that? He was trying to use the lift.” The woman stated, annoyed.
“Did you see his wrist?” The doctor asked, “It was red. He died last night. I would
know because I did his surgery.”
The woman lifted her wrist. He saw red. She smiled. “Like this one?”
Example:
A recent study confirmed that playing video games may cause
children to become violent. However, this is true for some children.
Dr. Charlotte Cooper and Dr. Markey Vitasa of University of Sto.
Tomas explained that children who manifest a combination of three
personality traits-high neuroticism, disagreeableness, and low levels
of conscientiousness-are more likely to be aggressive toward others
after playing video games.

Argumentative Discourse
Argumentative discourse is a form of discourse that
involves making a claim and providing evidence to
support it. It is used to present evidence-based arguments
in a logical and convincing manner in order to persuade
an audience to accept a point of view.
 Literary Academic
Discourse Discourse
A literary discourse is generally focused on creative Academic discourse is the language and concepts
works such as poetry, short stories, novels, plays, used when communicating ideas between academics
and even nonfiction. Also, it includes texts that are in academia. It is characterized by formal writing,
used strictly for business communication such as research-based evidence, and in-depth analysis of
letters, and resumes. topics.
 Performance Task

01 02 03

Divide the class into smaller Ask each group to analyze the Allow each group to present
groups of three or four. Ask example and write down their their activities to the larger
each group to pick one observations. Ask each group group. Facilitate a discussion
example of discourse from the to discuss the power of the to reflect on the power of
given materials (newspapers, discourse and how it could be discourse and how it is used to
magazines, internet articles, used to influence opinions and influence opinions and
etc.) behaviors. behaviors.
 Performance Task #1
Read the essay , “7 Questions You Should Ask Before
Hiring Your Wedding Photographer.”
Critique the piece using the following questions:
.

1.Does it fulfil its purpose?

2.What were the text’s strong points?
3.What were the points for improvement?
4.Cite who you think wrote the text then answer this question:
How do you think the author’s culture, social environment,
and experiences influenced the writing of the text?
5.If you were to be the writer of a text with the same topic,
how would you approach writing the text, considering its
purpose?
 7 Questions to Ask Before Hiring Your Wedding Photographer
NewsUSA
Your wedding will be one of the most memorable times of your life, and no one can capture it better than
a professional photographer. So how do you find the right one? As you interview photographers, ask
them these questions to help you determine if he or she is the right photographer for you.
1.Do you have a portfolio I can review? Reviewing sample work allows you to see the photographer's
style. Is it more formal or candid? Look for images you can see yourself in. Think of three words that
describe you and share those with your photographer.
2.Will you create a detailed shot list? This list will ensure no important photo is missed during your
wedding. You should be able to create that list together. Take an honest look at what images really
matter and fill your photographer in on situations he or she might need to be aware of in order to
prevent awkward moments.
3.Do you belong to any professional associations, like the Professional Photographers of America? You
want to work with the best, and PPA photographers do more than just snap pictures. They have the
technical expertise and artistry to make you look your best and bring your vision to life. Watch this
video at PPA.com/SeeTheDifference/Wedding to see why you should always use a professional
photographer in these true horror stories from real brides!
4.Do you have backup equipment? You've prepared contingency plans for every other aspect of your
wedding; your photographer should as well. A true professional will always bring one or two backup
cameras, lenses, flashes, lighting equipment, extra memory cards and batteries.
 7 Questions to Ask Before Hiring Your Wedding Photographer
NewsUSA
4. Do you have liability insurance? Accidents happen, and if one of your guests trips
over your photographer's light stand, it's good to know you both are protected. Your
reception venue may even ask the photographer to submit a certificate of liability
ahead of time.
5. What happens to my images after the wedding? Will your images be backed up to
a hard drive or the cloud once processed? How long will your photographer keep
the images afterward? If you have any concerns about losing photos, knowing what
the photographer plans to do with your images after your wedding is important.
6. When will I get my photos? Printed photos usually take several weeks, but your
photographer may be able to get you some images for social media quickly. Just ask.
You won't be able to see everything that happens at your wedding. The right
photographer will capture moments you never knew existed. To learn how you can
find the perfect photographer for your wedding, visit PPA.com/WeddingPhotos.
 Reading and Writing 11

Thank you for listening!

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