LESSON

INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTIONS THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
What is SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION?
- the period of enlightenment when the
developments in the fields of mathematics,
physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry
transformed the views of society about the
nature.
 The ideas generated during this period enable
the people to reflect, rethink, and reexamine
their beliefs and their way of life.

 Scientific Revolution was the golden age for

people committed to scholarly life in science
but it was also a deeply trying moment to
some scientific individuals that led to their
painful death or condemnation.
 Science
Ideas

SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTIONS

Humans Society

 Scientific Revolution transformed the natural

world and the world of ideas.
 The idea of scientific revolution is
claimed to have started in the early 16 th
century up to the 18th century in Europe.
1. SCIENCE AS AN IDEA.
- INCLUDES IDEAS, THEORIES, AND ALL
AVAILABLE SYSTEMATIC EXPLANATIONS
AND OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE NATURAL
AND PHYSICAL WORLD.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
2. Science as an intellectual activity.
- encompasses a systematic and
practical study of the natural and
physical world.
- involves systematic observation
and experimentation.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

3. Science as a body of knowledge.

- it is a subject or a discipline, a
field of study, or a body of knowledge
that deals with the process of learning
about the natural and physical world.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
4. Science as personal and social activity
- explains that science is both
knowledge and activities done by human
beings to develop better understanding of
the world around them.
- it is interwoven with people’s lives.
Copernican
• This confirms the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun are
placed in the heaven/universe.

• It is the idea that rejected the Ptolemaic model ( earth is the center
of the solar system) and proved the Heliocentric model (sun is
the center of the solar system having the earth revolving around
it)
Darwinian
• This has brought a great impact on how people approach
Biology forever.
• The revolution provided a different theory than the
“Theory of Creation” .
• The Darwinian revolution started when Charles Darwin
published his book “ The Origin of Species” that
emphasizes that humans are the result of an evolution.
Information
• This has been the era in which technology has
been prevalent.
• It is also known as the Computer Age that has
brought so much change on how are we living
today.
Freudian
• This theory is started to revolutionize Psychiatry
with Sigmund Freud.
• This includes the “Freudian Theory of
Personality” that involves the human development
contributes to his/her personality and also his
“psychoanalysis”
 NOTABLE SCIENTISTS
1.NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
- one of the renaissance men in the field of science.
- he resembled the Greek ancient philosophers of
thinkers.
- his idea were an example of what is presently called
thought experiment.
- in his book, he wanted a model of the universe in
which everything moved around a single center at unvarying
rates.
- in his model , he outlined two kinds of planetary motion:
(1) the orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the orbit of the
Earth, thus closer to the Sun; and (2) the orbits of Mars,
Saturn, and Jupiter lay outside the Earth’s orbit, thus, farther
from the Sun.

- one of the great problems in the Copernicus model,

however, was the position of the stars. The stars cannot be
placed in a fixed position like crystals in distance sphere.
 NOTABLE SCIENTISTS

2. CHARLES DARWIN
- famous for his theory of evolution.
- he published his book The Origin of Species in 1589.
- he collected many significant materials in order to
present his theory with overwhelming evidence.
- his accomplishments were so diverse that is useful to
distinguish two fields to which he made major contributions:
evolutionary biology and philosophy of science.
 - Darwin provided a different framework for doing
scientific activities. It is science marked by observation and
experiment.

- His unorthodox way of pursuing science gave more

value to evidence-based science.
 NOTABLE SCIENTISTS
2. SIGMUND FREUD
- famous figure in the field of psychology.
- Rosenfels(1980) also described him as a towering
literary figure and a very talented communicator who did his
share to raise the consciousness of the civilized world in
psychological matters.
 - he also made a significant contribution in the scientific
world through the development of an important observational
method to gather reliable data to study human’s inner life. This
method is popularly known as the method of psychoanalysis.

- For Freud, this method of psychoanalysis is a scientific

way to study the human mind and neurotic illnesses.
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
 Mesoamerica includes the entire area of Central
America from Southern Mexico up to the border of
South America.
 Maya Civilization is one of the famous
civilizations that lasted for approximately 2,000
years.
 The Mayans are also known for measuring time
using two complicated calendar systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
 The Mayans also developed the technology for
growing different crops and building elaborate
cities using ordinary machineries and tools. They
built hydraulics system with sophisticated
waterways to supply water to different
communities.
 Mayans are considered one of the most
scientifically advanced societies in Mesoamerica.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
 The Inca Civilization is also famous in
Mesoamerica. The Incas made advanced scientific
ideas considering their limitations as an old
civilization.
 The following were scientific ideas and tools that
they developed to help them in everyday life:
 The following were scientific ideas and tools that they developed to
help them in everyday life:

1. Roads paved with stones;

2. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters;
3. Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to
grow in all types of land;
4. Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare
them for planting season;
5. The first suspension bridge;
6. Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts
can interpret; and
7. Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic
achievements.
 CONTRIBUTIONS OF AZTEC
CIVILIZATIONS

1. Mandatory Education
2. Chocolates
3. Antispasmodic Medication
4. Chinampa
5. Aztec Calendar
6. Invention of the canoe
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA

Asia is the biggest continent of the world and

the home of many ancient civilizations. A host to
many cultural, economic, scientific, and political
activities of all ages.
 INDIA
- a huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies
of water and fortified by huge mountains in its
northern boarders.
- creatively developed various ideas and
technologies useful in their everyday lives.
- known for manufacturing iron and
metallurigical works.
 INDIA

- iron steel is considered to be the best of

their high regard in the whole of Roman Empire.
- famous in medicine.
- notable in the field of astronomy.
- known for their mathematics.
 CHINA

-one of the ancient civilizations with

substantial contributions in many areas of life like
medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music, among others.
- known for their traditional medicines.
 CHINA

- known to develop many tools.

- they also made significant records on
supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses, and comets
in the field of astronomy.
- their contributions were made along with
mathematics, logic, philosophy and medicine.
 MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
- dominantly occupied by Muslims.
- Ibnal-Haytham is regarded as the father of
optics.
- The mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa
al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of
algorithm while the term algebra is derived from
al-jabr.
 MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

- In the field of medicine, Ibn Sina pioneered

the science of experimental medicine and was the
first physician to conduct clinical trials (Jacquart,
2008)
- Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine,
were used as standard medicinal texts in both
Muslim world and Europe during the 17th century.
 AFRICA
- blessed with natural and mineral resources.
- the ancient civilizations has contributed
immensely and made significant advances in the
fields of astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
- Egypt was known to be a center of alchemy,
which is known as the medieval forerunner of
chemistry.
 AFRICA

- Astronomy was also famous in the African

region.
- Metallurgy was also known in the African
regions during the ancient times.
- Mathematics was also known to be prominent
in the life of early people in the African continent.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

In a long bond paper, craft a

compelling infographics highlighting the
major discoveries and development in
Science.
CRITERIA