Chapter 6 CLC
Chapter 6 CLC
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Learning materials
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Contents
6.1 Accounting for revenue
6.2. Accounting for cost of goods sold
6.3 Accounting for selling expenses and
administrative expenses
6.3. Accounting for financial expenses and financial
income
6.4. Accounting for other expenses and other income
6.5 Accounting for corporate income tax expenses3
6.1 Accounting for revenue
6.1.1 Definition
6.1.2 Recognition criteria
6.1.3 Measurement
6.1.4 Accounting for sales and sales
deductions
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6.1.1
6.1.1 Revenue
Revenue -Definition
-Definition
Revenue
Revenue isis the
the gross
gross inflow
inflow of of economic
economic benefits
benefits
during
during the
the period
period arising
arising in
in the
the course
course ofof the
the ordinary
ordinary
activities
activities of
of anan entity
entity when
when those
those inflows
inflows result
result in
in
increases
increases inin equity,
equity, other
other than
than increases
increases relating
relating to
to
contributions
contributions from
from equity
equity participants
participants (VAS (VAS 0101 ––
Framework)
Framework)
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6.1.2 Revenue recognition points
– Manufacturing Cycle
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6.1.2 Revenue – Recognition criteria
Specific rules for recognition of revenue from sales of
goods (VAS 14)
a.The entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks
and rewards of ownership of the goods;
b.The entity retains neither continuing managerial
involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership
nor effective control over the goods sold;
c.The amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
d.It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the
transaction will flow to the entity; and
e.The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the
transaction can be measured reliably.
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Example 6.1
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6.1.3 Revenue – Measurement
Revenue shall be measured at the fair value of the
consideration received or receivable
•Net sales=Total sales-Sale deductions
.
•Revenue to be received: Revenue shall be determined by
converting the nominal value of amounts receivable in future into
the actual value at the time of turnover recognition at the current
interest rates. The actual value at the time of revenue recognition
may be smaller than the nominal value receivable in future.
Eg 6.2: N company sells goods with a cost of 100,000 to M
company for 140,000 and a credit period of six months. N
company’s normal cash price would have been 125,000 with a
credit period of one month or with a 5,000 discount for cash on
delivery
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6.1.3 Revenue – Measurement
Revenue shall be measured at the fair value of the
consideration received or receivable
.
•Exchange of goods or services:
+Goods or services of a similar nature are exchanged, no
transaction has occurred and no revenue is recognized.
+ Goods or services of a dissimilar nature are exchanged,
a revenue transaction is recognizes at the fair value of the
goods or services received. If such fair value is not readily
determinable, revenue is recognized at the fair value of
the goods given up or services provided. In both cases,
revenue is adjusted for any cash or cash equivalent
transferred. 10
Revenue Deductions
• Trade discount is the amount of money that enterprise
credited or paid to customers who bought goods and services
in large volume in accordance with the agreement that the
seller will give trade discount to the buyer.
• Sales returns is the amount of goods sold which have
subsequently been returned due to the following reasons:
breaching the commitment or the economic contract, or in a
wrong quantity, quality or specifications.
• Sales allowance is a reduction made when the goods are not
the same specification as those mentioned in the economic
contract.
• Taxes: VAT in direct method, export duty
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6.1.4 Accounting for revenue and revenue
deductions
Source documents and accounts used
* Source documents :
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6.1.4 Accounting for revenue and revenue
deductions
Accounts used:
.
Acc. 511 – Revenues
Acc. 521 – Sale deductions:
Acc. 5211 Trade/Sales discounts
Acc. 5212 – Sales returns
Acc. 5213 – Sales allowances
Acc. 333 – Tax and statutory obligations
Acc 3387 – Unearned revenue
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Account 511 - Revenue
Acc 511
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* Used accounts
Acc 511 has 6 sub-accounts
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Acc 3331– VAT payable
Acc 3331
• Input VAT deducted • VAT payable for sold goods and
•Deductible VAT of services
returned goods • VAT payable for financial activities
• VAT paid to state budget and other activities
• VAT payable on imported goods
Sub accounts:
Acc 3387
Unearned revenue at
the end of period
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BASIC TRANSACTIONS
1. Sold directly
to customers
6. Sale with cash discount
4. Finished goods
for business
activities
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1. Cash sale or credit sale without interest on late payment:
(1a). Revenue
Acc 511 Acc 111, 112
Revenue Payment in cash
(1a) 1
Acc131
Acc 333 (1)
Receivable from
VAT payable customer
(if any)
(1b.) Cost of good sold (Perpetual method)
Acc 154, 155, 156 Acc 632
(1b) COGS
(2a). Revenue
Acc 111, 112
(2a) Received money
Acc 511 from customer
Acc 131
Receivable (2b)
from customers
Acc 333 (1)
VAT (if any)
* Revenue
Acc 131 Acc 152, 153...
Acc 511 Revenue Payable to (3)c Value of
(3)a exchange received goods
parner
Acc 333(1)
VAT
Acc 133
Acc 111, 112 Deductible
VAT
(3)d
• Internal revenue
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5. Goods sent on consignment
Revenue
Acc 3331
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5. Goods sent on consignment with fixed price
a. At consigner’s
- Cost of good sold
Related Acc. Acc. 157 Acc. 632
5(a) 5(c)
Sent goods on consignment Goods was sold
- When received goods: Record on the detailed journal for goods sent
on consignment
- When sold the goods to customer:
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Case 1: Commission fee is deducted before payment to consigners
Acc. 331 Acc. 111,112, 131
Payable to consigner
Acc. 511 Total sale
Commission fee revenue
Acc. 333(1)
Output
VAT
Case 2: Commission fee is calculated and paid at the end of period
Acc. 331 Acc. 111,112, 131
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sale transactions with non-deductible VAT
Price is included VAT, import tax and special consumption tax
Acc 111,112,131
Acc 333 Acc 511
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6.1.4 Accounting for revenue deduction
b. Account used:
Acc. 521 – Revenue deduction: (Article 81 – Circular 200, p.g 378)
Acc. 521
Sale discount, sale Transfer sale discount, sale
allowance and returned allowance and returned goods
goods incurred for net revenue calculation
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6.1.4 Accounting for revenue deduction
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(2) Returned goods
- Revenue deduction from returned goods
Acc 5212 Acc 511
Acc 111,
112 Transfer
(if any)
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6.2
6.2 Accounting
Accounting for
for cost
cost of
of goods
goods sold
sold
Cost of good sold calculation
- If the company applies perpetual method
COGS calculation is based on Good issuing Notes
- If the company applies periodic method
COGS calculation is based on the following equation
Cost of
Cost of
goods
Cost goods Cost of
sent on
COGS in of sent on goods Cost of
consig
the perid = invent + consig + receive - inventor - nment
ory at nment d in y at the
at the
the at the the end
end
beg. beg. period
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6.2
6.2 Accounting
Accounting for
for cost
cost of
of goods
goods sold
sold
Accounts used:
• Acc. 155 – Finished goods
• Acc. 156 – Merchandise goods
• Acc. 157 – Goods on consignment
• Acc. 632 – Cost of goods sold
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Account 155 “Finished goods”
Value of finished goods Value of finished goods
increases decreases
Surplus of finished goods Shortage of finished goods
detected in the physical detected in the physical
inventory count inventory count
Transfer the closing balance Transfer the opening balance
of finished goods (the periodic of finished goods (the periodic
inventory method) inventory method)
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Account 632 “The perpetual inventory method”
Cost of goods sold and Cost of goods returned
services during the period. Reverse of provision for
Other cost recorded to cost of inventory at the end of fiscal
goods sold year
Provision for inventory Cost of goods sold transferred
to account 911
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Account 632 “The periodic inventory method”
Cost of finished goods and out Cost of finished goods and out of
of the warehouse but not yet the warehouse but not yet sold
sold at the opening of transferred to the debit side of
accounting period account 155,157 at the end of
accounting period
Cost of finished goods during
the period Reverse of provision for
inventory at the end of fiscal year
Provision for obsolete stock
Cost of goods sold transferred to
account 911
Ac. 154,155,
156,157… Ac. 632 Ac. 155,156
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Explanations
1. Cost of goods sold incurred during the period
2. Other costs recorded to ac. cost of goods sold
(to be charged to profit/loss account)
3. Cost of goods returned
4. Cost of goods sold transferred to Ac. 911 at
the end of the period (to determine business’s
performance)
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Accounting for cost of goods sold
(The periodic inventory method)
Ac. 155,157 Ac. 632 Ac. 155,157
1
4
Ac. 631
2 Ac.911
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Ac. 611
3
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Explanations
1. At the beginning period, transferring the opening balance
of finished goods in stock and finished goods sent on
consignment to account 632
2. At the end of the period recording cost of finished goods
during the period
3. At the end of the period recording cost of merchandise
goods sold
4. At the end of period, transfer the ending balance of
finished goods in stock and finished goods sent on
consignment to the debit side of account 155,157
5. At the end of the period, transfer cost of
finished/merchandise goods sold to Ac. 911
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6.3. Accounting for selling expenses and
administrative expenses
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6.3.1. Accounting for selling expenses
6.3.1.1. Contents
* Definition
*Selling expenses includes:
1) Sale staff expenses
2) Material and packing material expenses
3) Tools and instruments expenses
4) Fixed asset depreciation expenses
5) Warranty expenses
6) Outside services expenses
7) Other expenses
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6.3.1.2. Accounting for selling expenses
b. Accounts used:
Acc 641
- Items reduced selling
Selling expenses expense in the period
incurred in period.
- Transferring “Income
Summary” accounts
Acc 641
Acc 334, 338
Acc 152, 111,..
(1) (6)
Acc 152,153, 242…
(2)
Acc 214 Acc 911
(3)
(7)
Acc 111, 112, 352…
(4)
Acc 133
Acc 331, 111, …
(5)
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Flow chart explaination
1. Sales staff’s salary, wages and social insurance, health
insurance, trade union fees…
2. Costs materials/tools and allocation costs of supplies and
tools.
3. Depreciation of fixed assets used for selling and distribution
purposes
4. Provisions for warranty expenses or warranty expenses
incurred without previous provision.
5. Services and other expenses in cash.
6. Reducing selling expenses (Reverse provision…)
7. Selling expenses allocated and transferred to determine
operation result. 48
6.3.2. Accounting for administrative expenses
6.3.2.1.Contents
* Definitions:
*Contents:
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6.3.2.2. Accounting for administrative expenses
a. Source documents:
- Salary and social insurance allocation sheets
- Material allocation sheet
- Depreciation allocation sheets
- Tax declaration: License tax,…
- VAT invoice, Sale invoice
- Payment voucher, Credit notes from bank
-….
b. Account used: Acc 642 – Administrative expenses
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6.3.2.2. Accounting for administrative expenses
Accounts used: TK 642
Administrative - Items reduced selling expense in the
expenses incurred in period
period. - Transferring “Income Summary”
accounts
Acc 214
(3)
(8)
Acc 333
(4)
(6)
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Flowchart explanations
1. Office staff’s salary, wages and related social insurance, health
insurance, trade union fees…
2. Costs and allocation costs of supplies and tools.
3. Depreciation of fixed assets used for general administration
purposes
4. Business tax, land rentals and other fees
5. Provisions for doubtful debts and other provision payables for
business restructuring, loss from risky contracts..
6. Services rendered and cash expenses.
7. Reducing administration expenses
8. Administration expenses allocated and transferred to determine
operation result.
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6.4. Accounting for financial income and financial
expenses
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6.4.1. Contents of financial income and financial expenses
TRANSACTIONS
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6.4.3. Accounts used
Accounts
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6.5. Accounting for other expenses and other
income
6.5.1. Contents
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6.5. Accounting for other income and other expenses
6.5.2. Source documents
- Invoices
- Receipt notes, payment notes
- Debit notes, credit notes from bank
- Tax receipt
- ….
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6.5. Accounting for other income and other expenses
6.5.3. Accounts used
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6.5. Accounting for other income and other expenses
6.5.4. Common transactions
Acc. 111,..
Acc. 811 Acc. 711 Acc. 111,…
(1) (2)
Acc. 911
(3a) (3b)
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6.6 Accounting for current Corporate Income Tax
expenses
- Periodically (quarterly)
- End of financial year
- …
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6.6 Accounting for current CIT expenses
6.6.2. Accounts used
• Acc. 821 – Corporate Income Tax expenses
• Acc. 8211 – current Corporate Income Tax expenses
(Article 95 – Circular 200)
Acc. 8211
- CIT payables charged to current - Current CIT actually paid during year <
income tax expenses during year current CIT temporarily paid
- CIT payables increase due to - CIT payable decrease due to detecting
detecting important errors of insignificant errors of the previous year
previous years - Transferring current CIT expenses to Dr.
- Transferring current CIT 911 “Income Summary”.
expenses to Dr. 911 “Income
Summary”.
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6.6.3 Common transactions
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6.7. Accounting for business result and profit distribution
6.7.1. Contents
6.7.2. Accounts used
6.7.3. Common transactions
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6.7.1. Contents
Definition
From normal business activities
Business result
From other activities
Financi Financ
Business Adminis
Net CO al Selling ial
result from = - GS
+ - expens
- trative -
revenue income expens
normal expense
es es
business s
activities Gross revenue
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Result from other activities
Result from other activities = Other income - Other expenses
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6.7.1. Contents
* Profit distribution
* Business result in a period could be profit or loss
+ If the company makes loss ….
+ If the company makes profit, profit distribution as
follow:
• Pay dividend for investors
• Pay for previous year’s loss
• Make reserves from remaining amount
Acc. 911
Transfer expenses Transfer revenue, income
Transfer profit Transfer loss
* Acc. 421- Undistributed post-tax profit
Content To record post-tax profit/loss and distributed profit/loss of
an enterprise
Acc. 421
Acc. 641,642
Acc. 515
Transfer selling expenses,
Transfer financial
administrative expenses
income
Acc. 635
Transfer financial expenses Acc. 711
Transfer other
Acc. 811 income
Transfer other expenses
Acc. 8212
Acc. 8211, 8212 If Dr. side of acc. 8212 If Dr. side of
>Dr. side of that account acc. 8212
Current CIT expenses, >Dr. side of
Acc. 111, 112 that account
Acc. 4212
Temporary dividend payment, profit
distribution to related parties Transfer profit
Acc. 414, 353, 418,… after CIT
Make temporary reserves
Acc. 3388
Acc. 111, 112 FY end, identify
Dividend preference share Transfer loss
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payment payables
Common transactions on business results
Acc. 911 Acc. 111, Acc. 511,
Acc. 632 112, 131 Acc. 521 Acc. 111, 112
DT