Lesson 2 1 Electromagnetic Waves Autosaved
Lesson 2 1 Electromagnetic Waves Autosaved
motion
LESSON 2.1
Electromag
netic Waves
Electromagnetic
waves
What are
EM waves?
history
Michael Faraday
1791-1867
• Father of Electricity
• He experimented how a changing magnetic
field can induce current.
• He believed that electromagnetic (EM) waves
are propagated by both electric and magnetic
fields.
history
James Clerk
1831-1879
Maxwell
• Scottish physicist
• He based his research largely in Faraday’s
speculation.
• He produced the mathematical equations that
relate how electric and magnetic fields can link
together to form an electromagnetic field.
Electromagnetic
waves
EM waves
• Electromagnetic waves (EM waves for
short) are waves that can travel in a
vacuum.
• These waves are created by the
vibration of an electric charge.
Electromagnetic
waves
Electromagnetic
spectrum
• It covers a broad range of EM waves
which are arrange according to
wavelength, frequency, and energy.
Different Types of EM Waves, and
their Wavelengths, Frequencies and
WAVE Energies
WAVELENGTH (m) FREQUENCY (Hz) ENERGY (eV)
Radio wave 102 106 10-9
TV wave 1 108 10-7
Microwave 10-2 1010 10-5
Infrared 10-5 1013 10-2
Visible light 10-7 1015 1
Ultraviolet 10-8 1016 10
X-ray 10-10 1018 103
Gamma ray 10-13 1021 106
Frequency of
waves 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆
𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆, 𝒇 =
𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
The unit for frequency is per second (s-1) or Hertz (Hz), named after Heinrich Hertz
(1857-1894), a German physicist who discovered the existence of electromagnetic waves
which was first proven by Maxwell.
The time it takes a wave to pass a given point is called the period (T) which is expressed
as:
Period, T
The motion of a wave can also be described based on its speed. The relationship between
the speed of the wave and its frequency is given by the equation:
Solution:
f
Given:
¿ ( 10 𝑚 ) ( 50 𝐻𝑧 )
¿ 500 𝑚/ 𝑠
Sample
Problem
A radio wave has a frequency of 1×10 Hz. What is its wavelength?
6
Solution: 𝑣
Given: 𝜆=
𝑓
6
Hz 3 𝑥 10 8 m / s
8
m/s ¿
1 x 10 6 𝑠 −1
¿ 300 𝑚
Sample
Problem
A wave has a wavelength 3.40 m. take the speed of sound as 343 m/s.
calculate the frequency of the wave.
Solution:
Given:
343 𝑚/ 𝑠
¿
3.40 𝑚
or
-1
Hz
Try it out!
A. Solve the following problems on a piece of paper.
Applications of
electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
RADIO INFRARED GAMMA
RAYS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
WAVES RAYS
MICROWAVES VISIBLE LIGHT X-RAYS
RADIO
WAVES
• longest wavelengths but with the lowest
frequencies
• transmit information such as in television.
Sounds and images from broadcasting
stations are transmitted to TV screens
through radio waves. The antenna receives
the radio waves from the TV stations and
coverts them back to sounds and images
you see on your TV screens.
• They are also used in radios and cellular
phones
MICROWA
VES
• microwaves have short wavelengths; the microwave
signals can travel in straight lines without losing much
of their energy.
Common properties of EM
•
waves
All transverse waves
• All travel at the speed of light. (3 x 10 8 m/s)
• Can travel through solid, liquid, gas and vacuum
• Obey the laws of reflection and refraction; all can be absorbed and emitted by matter; the wave
equation is applicable to all.